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Hearing loss, selective mutism (1) - Coggle Diagram
Hearing loss, selective mutism (1)
Terminology, facts
AOM: acute OM, middle ear infection, infection behind eardrum in middle ear. Can be caused by bacteria (most common)- too much water in ear drum or virus; usually accompanied by pain and fever
OME: OM with effusion pts don't tell their parents that they cannot hear, child may not display obvious symptoms fluid behind ear drum without ear infection, can follow AOM, often suffer some degree of conductive hearing loss (hearing abilities fluctuate) during the OM episode (HL is temporary), very common in children who have cleft palate-velopharyngeal fn impaired.
ROM: Recurrent Otitis media, when it occurs again and again, damage to the eardrum, bones of ear, hearing nerve, cause permanent SNHL
3/4 of children experience at least one episode of OM during preschool years ; >25dB is good hearing. Oro-nasal cavity fluid buildup
RAOM/ROME: Recurrent acute OM, effusion
3 or more discrete episodes (have it, recover then comes back) of OM in 6 month period
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Long term impacts of OM
Studies
Shriberg, Kwiatowski (1982): 1/3 children receiving SLP Tx had histories of recurrent mid ear infections
Paradise et al (2003): large pop study 6,000 preschool aged children reported weak, non-significant correlations b/w no. of, duration of OM episodes, later lang score. Best predictor of outcome was sociodemographic variables
Debate in lit over long term conseq of fluctuating, conductive HL associated w OM on S&L dev. Of entire population who experiences OM, very few have lasting problems w lang dev.
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List general strategies SLP can implement in session during OM episode, suggestions for parents
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Some studies have shown that your child has not had optimal access to sounds. Here are some strategies for you:
Face the child, talk at eye lvl
Speak slowly, repeat impt words but in natural tone (pause a bit more b/w sounds)
Use intonation, stress to highlight impt words
Use visual supports whenever possible eg. gestures, objects, photos
Provide quiet env for convo: move to area w carpet flooring, close doors. Problem is with open plan living, everything echoes, everything is amplified
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B&L form content use
Content
Severe to profound HL: first words delayed, vocab grows more slowly
Acq of vocab tends to follow similar pattern to those of normally hearing peers: learn concrete words first, function words are difficult (a, an, the) bcos no word stress
Rmb 1-3-6 rule. Diagnosed by 1m, should receive amplification by 3m, early intervention by 6m
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Form
Controversy over whether acq of syntax, morphology occurs in delayed or deviant pattern
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Use
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Medium success with
Initiating, maintaining topics in convo
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Little success with
Revising an unclear msg or asking for clarification: will just ask huh or what? so communication breakdown
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