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The Rules For Each Organic Compounds, Screen Shot 2020-05-14 at 18.41…
The Rules For
Each Organic Compounds
Alcohol
The nomenclature of alcohol follows the rule of IUPAC
The names of the alcohols are formed by a prefix, an intermediate word, and a suffix, as follows
intermediate indicates the type of chemical bond:an for single bonds, dien for 2 doubles, in for 1 triple, diin for 2 triples, enin for 1 double and 1 triple.
the suffix indicates the organic function. In this case, ol is the suffix for alcohol.
prefix indicates the number of carbons: 1 met, 2 et, 3 prop, 4 but, 5 pemt, 6 hex, 7 hept, 8 oct, 9 non, 10 dec.
Ester
The official IUPAC nomenclature for esters is made from the corresponding hydrocarbon terminated in ATO. Next, you must place the preposition DE plus the prefix of the ILA-terminated branch. Another official name for this acid is ethyl acetate.
Aldehydes
The nomenclature of aldehydes follows the same rules as that of ketones, but the termination is "al" and it is not necessary to number the position of the functional group in the chain.
Amide
In the nomenclature of an amide, we use prefix (of the number of carbons), infix (type of connection between the carbons) and the suffix amide. Cyclic amides are called lactams.
Nitrocomposites
The nomenclature of nitrocomposites follows the following official rule:
Carboxylic
carboxylic acids, the rule is basically the following for normal chain, that is, that have no branches:
ACID + PREFIX + INFIX + OICO
indicates the amount of carbons
indicates the type of connection
Amine
The official nomenclature of amines is made by writing the word "amine" as a suffix, and the prefixes are given by the organic group linked to nitrogen. Amines are organic compounds derived from the replacement of one or more ammonia hydrogens (NH3) by organic groups.
Acid
As explained in the text "Acids", compounds belonging to this inorganic function are those that, in an aqueous medium, release hydrogen (H + (aq)) as the only cation.
To carry out the nomenclature of acids, we must first verify whether they are hydracids
(acids that do not contain oxygen) or oxyacids (they contain oxygen).
The nomenclature of hydracids is easier, as it follows the following general rule:
acid -> anion name -> idric
Ketone
the radicals that are linked to the main chain;
the main chain, that is, the largest possible sequence of carbons and which has the carbonyl carbon;
Now, if the ketone is branched, it is essential to determine the following aspects:
Prefix + infix + ona
The rule for the official nomenclature of ketones will always use the following composition:
Ether
Start the name of the ethers with the prefix with the lowest number of carbons, as shown below:
Prefixes: 1 carbon - MET 6 carbons - HEX. 2 carbons - ET 7 carbons - HEPT. 3 carbons - PROP 8 carbons - OCT. ...
Use the intermediate term: OXI.
Close by the name of the hydrocarbon with the highest number of carbons.
Hydrocarbon
Most hydrocarbons are named according to three elements: prefix + infix + suffix. Suffix: refers to the main function of the compound, in the case of hydrocarbons the termination “o” is used.
Alexandra Reis
