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Alzheimer Disease - Coggle Diagram
Alzheimer Disease
Causes
Pathophysiology
Areas of initial development
Thought
Memory
Language
Neurons Disrupted
Communication
Metabolism
Repair
Amyloid damages brain
Three Features
Neurofibrillary tangles
neuritic plaque
granulovascular degeneration
Unknown
Abnormal processing of amyloid-beta protein
Risk Factors
Aging (over 60)
Low education level
Down Syndrome
Family Hx
Smoking (2-4x more likely)
Obesity
Insulin Resistance
High-fat, -cholesterol diet
Dyslipidemia
TBI
CNS Virus
Depression
Hormone replacement therapy (females)
Complications
Behavioral
Hostility
Agitation
Wandering
Uncooperative
Metabolic
Infection
Dehydration
Drug toxicity
Malnutrition
Aspiration
Other
Dysphagia
Falls
Sundowning
Depression
Suicide
Clinical Manifestations
Mild
Impaired sense of smell
Loss of recent memory
Personality changes
Increased anxiety
Longer to complete tasks
Trouble handling money
Moderate
Disorientation
Difficulty remembering past
Episodes of wandering/ getting lost
Short attention span
Urinary/ fecal incontinence
Gait Disorders
Tremors
Confabulation
Delusions
Severe
Difficulty communicating
Seizures
Agnosia
Apraxia
Ahedonia
Deterioration in personal hygeine
Dysphagia
Weight loss
Groans/grunts
Labs/Diagnostics
Labs
Vitamin B12
Liver Function
Rapid plasma reagin (R/O Syphillis)
Genotype for apolipoprotein E
Imaging
PET Scan
CT
MRI
Cerebral Blood Flow Study
Diagnosis
Lumbar Puncture (R/O other condition)
CSF analysis
By Exclusion
Positive Dx on Autopsy
Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale
Collaborative Treatment
General
Behavioral Interventions
Occupational Therapy
Music Therapy
Advance Directive Planning
Diet
Well-balanced
Avoid Caffeine
NO
Coffee
Tea
Cola
Chocolate
Activity
Safety
Exercise
Mental Activity (only normal-mild impairment)
Home-based exercise
Medication
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
SSRI
Trazodone
Benzodiazepines
Antipsychotics
Anticonvulsants
Memantine HCl/ Ginkgo biloba