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CHAPTER 7: INCINERATION OF MSW - Coggle Diagram
CHAPTER 7: INCINERATION OF MSW
:warning:
Definition
:biohazard_sign: A waste treatment process that involves the combustion of organic substances contained in waste materials
:biohazard_sign: Incinerator can be understood more precisely as a furnace where waste is burnt
:sunflower:
Type of Incinerator
:check: Burn Pile
:red_cross: Or burn pit is one of the simplest and earliest forms of waste disposal
:red_cross: Essentially consisting of a mound of combustible materials piled on bare ground and set on fire
:red_cross:Burn piles can and have spread uncontrolled fires
:check: Burn Barrel
:red_cross: More controlled form of private waste incineration, containing the burning material inside a metal barrel, with a metal grating over the exhaust
:check: Moving Grate
:red_cross: This grate is capable for hauling waste from combustion chamber to give way for complete and effective combustion
:red_cross: Can handle up to 35 metric tons (39 short tons) of waste per hour
:check: Fixed Grate
:red_cross: This was the fixed and much older version for grate. Lined with the brick while lower or ash pit is made up of metal
:red_cross: Has an opening at the top and for loading purpose; a side of the grate is left open
:check:Rotary Kiln
:red_cross: Used by municipalities and by large industrial plant
:red_cross: Primary chamber there is conversion of solid fraction to gases, through volatilitization, destructive distillation and partial combustion reactions
:red_cross: Secondary chamber is necessary to complete gas phase combustion reactions/
:check: Fluidized bed
:red_cross: Air is blown at high speed over a sand bed
:red_cross:A fluidized bed comes in to being and fuel and waste are then can be introduced
:check:Specialized Incineration
:red_cross: Furniture factory sawdust incinerators need much attention as these have to handle resin powder and many flammable substances
:red_cross: Controlled combustion
:rose:
Flue Gas Pollutants
:tophat: Acid Gases
:tophat: NOx
:tophat: Carbon Monoxide
:tophat: Particulates
:tophat: Metal Hazardous Air Pollutants
:tophat: Organic Hazardous Air Pollutants
:rose:
Air Pollution Control
:!!:: Emission Control Devices
:no_entry: Baghouse
:no_entry: Electrostatic Precipitator
:no_entry: Acid Gas Scrubbers
:no_entry: Selective Non-catalytic Reduction
:no_entry: Activated Carbon
:!!:: Remove certain waste components
:!!: Good Combustion Practices
:diamonds:
Pyrolysis
:recycle: Definiton - Thermal decomposition through the application of intense, indirect heat in the absence of oxygen
:recycle: Waste Treated
:black_circle_for_record: Municipal Solid Waste
:black_circle_for_record: Waste tires
:black_circle_for_record: Wood Material (Ex: Forest Residue)
:black_circle_for_record: Biomass (Ex: animal waste)
:recycle: Two types of Pyrolysis
:fried_egg: Slow - Takes several hours to complete and Bio-Char as main product
:fried_egg: Fast consists of takes 2 seconds, flash pyrolysis, most widely used, temperature between 300 - 550 Celcius, Char accumulates quickly, commonly yield 60% bio-oil and must be removed frequently
:recycle: Utilization of Pyrolysis Products
:<3: Bio-Oil
:<3: Syn-Gas
:<3: Bio-Char
:cake:
Gasification
:guitar: How it works?
:penguin: Involve the reaction of carbonaceous feedstock with an oxygen-containing reagent (oxygen, air, steam or carbon dioxide)
:penguin: Common temperature is 800 Celcius
:penguin: Used partial oxidation-oxygen
:pen: Application of Syngas
:confetti_ball: Generator
:confetti_ball: Hydrogen Membrane Separator
:confetti_ball: FIscher Tropsh Reactor
:confetti_ball: Gas turbine or IC engine
:heavy_multiplication_x: Types of Gasifier
:mushroom: Vertical Fixed Bed
:mushroom: Horizontal Fixed Bed
:mushroom: Fluidized Bed
:mushroom: Multiple Hearth
:mushroom: Rotary Kiln