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Electrical Building Services - Coggle Diagram
Electrical Building Services
General Concept
Electricity is a secondary energy source and the energy sources used to make electricity can be renewable or non renewable.
Large scale of electric generators are connected to transformers that increase the electricity's voltage and enable to be send via transmission lines over long distance.
Electricity considered a carrier of energy rather than a energy source.
Transmission lines carry electricity to substations equipped with other transformers that decrease the voltage.
Power Generation
A facility designed to produce electric energy from another form of energy
Thermal energy: fossil fuels
Potential energy
Wind energy
Solar electric: solar cells
Chemical energy: fuel cells&batteries
Substation
A high voltage electric system facility
Used to switch generators,equipment and circuits or line in and out system.
Change Alternating Current(AC) to Direct Current(DC)
Type of Substation
Step-up Transmission Substation
Step-down Transmission Substation
Distribution Substation
Underground Distribution Substation
Transmission Lines
Carry electric energy from one point to another in an electric power system.(can carry ac/dc/system can be combination of both)
Electric can be carried by either overhead or underground lines
Characteristic: operated at relatively high voltage, can transmit large quantities of power and they transmit the power over large distance.
Types
Overhead Transmission Lines
Underground Transmission Lines
Subtransmission Lines
Distribution System
Originates at a distribution substation and includes the lines, poles, transformers and other equipment needed to deliver electric power to the customer at the required voltages
Consists of all the facilities and equipment connecting a transmission system to the customer's equipment
Wiring System
Refer to insulated conductors used to carry electricity and associated devices
Wire size: IEC 60228(International Size)
Colour code
Enable wires to be easily and safely identified all common wiring safety codes mandate a colour scheme for the insulation on power conductor
Wiring Method
Single family home /duplex: simple
Light commercial: more frequent wiring changes can be expected
Heavy industries: more demanding wiring requirement
Cable laid underground/mineral insulated cables/conduit system/all insulated sheathed cables/prefabricated wiring system
Cable Laid Underground
should be armoured to afford protection from mechanical damage
Armoured cable is used for main and submains
Mineral Insulated Cables
Provide an excellent earth conductor and is the safest form of installation.
Conduit system
means a metal/non metallic tube into which PVC insulated cables are drawn
To provide mechanical protection of the cables, permit rewiring and if the conduit is of metal, to provide an earth conductor
All-insulated sheathed cables
generally manufactured with 1,2 or 3 copper conductors insulated with PVC
Prefabricated Wiring System
enable the electrical installation for a house to be prefabricated in a factory and are packed in kit from for delivery to the cite
Reduce site labour, and since the kits are factory assembled to the highest standards the installation of automatically of a high standard