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24 consonant sounds, according to the manner of articulation, according to…
24 consonant sounds
according to the manner of articulation
plosives
formed by completely closing the air passage and suddenly removing the obstacle so that the air escapes making an explosive sound or plosion
alveolar plosives
pronounced with the tip of the tongue against the alveolar-ridge
[ t ] in
task
[ d ] in
difficult
billabial plosives
produced with the two lips
[ p ] in
pupils
[ b ] in
boat
or
Bible
velar plosives
produced when the back of the tongue is on or near the soft palate
[ k ] in
king
[ c ] as in
cat
[ g ] in
good
,
gate
or
get
affricate consonants
-- a combination of plosives and fricatives. Air pressure is first built up, and it is released through a narrow passageway like a fricative.
[ tʃ ] in
chain, furniture or question
[ dʒ ] in -j- like
James
, -g- like
giant
or
George
, -dg- in words like judgement
nasal
produced when the air passes through the nasal cavity since the oral passage is closed
bilabial nasal
[ m ] in
man
alveolar nasal
[ n ] in
no
or
onion
velar nasal
[ ŋ ] the clusters -ng- in
sing
and -nk- as in
sink
lateral consonants
[ l ] is produced when the air stream flows along the sides of the tongue, while the front makes contact with the teeth.
holly or lorry
clear lateral
having a relatively front vowel resonance and occurs only before vowels and before the sound [ j ]
in
ladder or value
dark lateral
has a relatively back vowel resonance and is used before all other consonants, in word such as bell or tell
fricative
formed by a narrowing of air passage at some point to such an extent that the air escaping produces an audible friction
labiodental fricatives
[ f ] in
fur
or
laugh
[ v ] in
save
,
average
or
newphew
dental fricatives
articulated by the tip of the tongue against the upper teeth
[ θ ] in
think
[ ð ] in
rather
alveolar fricatives
[ s ] in
so
[ z ] in zoo
plato alveolar fricatives
articulated by the blade of the toungue against the alveolar-ridge
[ ʃ ] in
she
-ssion in
passion
-ch- in
machine
[ ʒ ] in
measure
,
visual
or
seizure
glottal fricative
The mouth is held in a vowel position and the air is pushed quickly through the glottis.
[ h ] in
help, whole
rolled fricative
articulated with the tip of the tongue against the back part of the alveolar-ridge
-r- or-rr-
hurry or story
semivowels
may be defined as independent vowel glides in which the speech organs start by forming a weakly articulated close vowel and immediately move to another sound of equal or greater prominence
[ w ] in
want
,
wine
the consonant cluser q+u and g+u as in
quick
or
anguish
[ j ] in
yea
,
companion
[ r ] in
very
or
more
according to the use of voice
voiceless consonants
pronounced without vibration of the vocal cords
[ p, t, k, f, θ, s, h, ʃ, tʃ ]
voiced consonants
takes place with a vibration of the vocal cords
[ b, d, g, v, ð, z, r, ʒ, dʒ, l, m, n, ŋ, j, w ]
21 letter