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Power of England - Coggle Diagram
Power of England
Henry VII's foreign policy
defensive
France
1485 offered assistance by the French King, felt a debt towards him
1492 Charles VIII of France invades Brittany (still an independent territory)
Henry had spent his exile here and was friendly with Duke and Duchess of Brittany
Henry needed to show power to Charles and other European leaders, as well as support of Duchess Anne
Couldn't afford to spend a huge amount of money on a full invasion
October 1492 invades France with a small number of troops (many provided by Anne), late in the year showing he was not planning for a long campaign
November 1492 Charles makes peace and signs the Treaty of Etaples
Gave Henry pension of 745,000 gold crowns
Swore not to support any pretenders to the throne such as Perkin Warbeck
Burgundy
Enemy of England
Trade with the low countries was crucial for England's commercial development
Burgundy family had ties with the Yorkists
Wanted to see the Yorkists return to the throne
Supported the de la Poles and Perkin Warbeck
Emperor Maximilian, whose wife was the Duchess of Burgundy, accepted Warbeck as Richard IV, Warbeck declared Maximilian as the heir to the English throne
Henry imposed economic sanctions on Maximilian rather than take military action
1496 Maximilian forced to sign the Magnus Intercursus
Burgundy in a state of decline, relations improved
1506 Philip of Burgundy hands over the Duke of Suffolk (Edmund de la Pole)
Spain
1479 Spain is united by Isabella of Castile's marriage to Ferdinand of Aragon (Catherine of Aragon's parents)
Shared suspicions about the rise of France, both countries used each other to counterbalance France's power
Alliance cemented in 1501 with the marriage of Catherine and Arthur
Clear acceptance of Henry as a major figure in European politics
1502 Arthur dies and Henry is put forward as a match for Catherine
Spain and France are at peace so Ferdinand asks for better terms
After the peace is broken Henry is able to forge an anti-French alliance between Spain, England and the Netherlands
Scotland
Traditional enemy, at war since 1328
Since Henry wanted to reduce military spending he sought a peace treaty with Scotland
Signed a 7 year truce with James III
James III was murdered soon afterwards, and relations with James IV were more difficult
James IV welcomed Perkin Warbeck into his court, even marrying him to a rich Scottish heiress
James also allied with Burgundy, which threatened Henry with the possible cost of fighting a war north and south of England at the same time
1497 James and Henry renewed the truce, and James agreed to give up Perkin Warbeck
1502 relations had improved so much that a full treaty was signed and Henry's daughter Margaret married James
Ireland
Both Lambert Simnel and Perkin Warbeck's rebellions had started in Ireland
Henry felt that it had been treated too lightly
He sent the Earl of Kildare to rule the Pale (Dublin) in Henry's name
The Auld Alliance
first signed 23 October 1295
first treaty formalising an alliance between Scotland and France
said that if either country was attacked by England, the other would invade English territory
England had land in France so fighting on this land didn't need to bring the treaty into force
the cost of any war between Scotland and England had to be carried by the Scots
didn't prevent the English constantly invading Scotland
Main powers in the 15th century
France
Spain
Burgundy
Concerns to England in the 15th century
Scotland
Ireland