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Incineration Technology , , , , - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Takes several hours to complete
      - Bio-char as main product
    - - Takes 2 seconds
      - Most widely used
      - Char accumulates qucikly
      - Commonly yield 60% bio-oil
      - Must be removed frequently
  - - - The volatile gas making it an ideal fuel source
      - Made from carbon monoxide and hydrogen(85%) with smaller amounts of carbon dioxide and methane.
      - Has around half of the energy of natural gas so it can be used as a fuel to generate electricity or steam
    - - As coal replacement in certain combustion process
      - Used in agriculture for soil amendment
      - It is highly absorbent and therefore increases the soil's ability to retain water, nutrients, and agricultural chemicals, preventing water contamination and soil erosion
    - - Not suitable for direct use in standard international combustion engines
      - The oil can be upgraded to either a special engine fuel or through gasification processes to a syngas and thne bio-diesel
      - A vital source for a wide range of organic compounds and specialty chemicals
- - - - Hydrogen
      - Methane
      - Carbon monoxide
  - - - More sensitive to the mechanical characterisitics of fuel
      - It requires a uniform, homogenous fuel such as densified refuse-derived fuel (RDF)
      - Fluel flow through the gassifier by gravity, with air and fuel flowing concurrently through the reactor
      - Possible to operate in counter-current, with air and gas moving uwards through the reactor
    - - Also refers as Modular Combustion Unit(MCU)
      - Primary Chamber: waste is gasified by partial combustion under substochiometric condition
      - Consists of two major comonent; primary and secondary combustion chamber
      - Secondary chamber: gas from primary chamber will be combusted with excess air in secondary combustion chamber
    - - The fuel is fluidized in oxygen and steam or air
      - The ash is removed dry or as heavy agglomerates that defluidize
      - Fuel throughout is higher than for the fixed bed
      - The temperature are relatively low in dry ash gassifiers, so the fuel must be highly reactive; low grade coals are particularly suitable
      - The agglomerating gassifiers have slightly higher temperatures and are suiable for higher rank coals
    - - Fuel syngas generated by gassification is easier to handle, meter control and burn than solid MSW
      - Can be designed for a small-medium scale (up to about 120kt.year)
      - Syn can be used after proper treatment to generate highly quality fuels(diesel, gasoline, hydrogen)
    - - Syngas is toxic and potentially explosive, its presence raises major security concerns and requires a reliable control equipment
      - The required syngas conditioning and cleaning is costly today