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8 Respiratory Illnesses and Diseases - Coggle Diagram
8 Respiratory Illnesses and Diseases
Overall cures and prevention's
stop smoking and preferably, never start.
people should practice avoidance in order to prevent respiratory disease. That includes avoiding sick people and places with a lot of dust or harsh chemicals.
Try to maintain a healthy weight, get adequate sleep, decrease stress, add plenty of activity and eat a balanced diet.
Emphysema
What is it
serious respiratory disease, which is another form of COPD which evolves slowly over the years
most common cause is smoking
Cigarette smoke damages the air sacs (alveoli) in the lungs to a point where they can no longer repair themselves
Symptoms
trouble exhaling air from their lungs
most commonly leads to respiratory failure and the need for extra oxygen to meet breathing needs
Treatment
There is no cure; however, those who quit smoking are more likely to see the disease’s progression slow
Asthma
symptoms
>Shortness of breath
>Tight chest
>Wheezing
>Dry cough
It is possible for patients with Asthma to experience Asthma attacks
Asthma attacks cause the patient to experience swelling in the airways and difficulty breathing.
A patient should have a rescue inhaler on them in case of an asthma attack
Asthma attacks can be triggered by:
Allergies
infections
Pollution
Definition
Asthma is a common, chronic respiratory condition that causes difficulty breathing due to inflammation (swelling) of the airways.
The illness is reversible meaning that it can be halted.
Asthma starts in childhood years and progresses into adulthood
people in their 60s, 70s and 80s can get adult onset asthma
Treatment
Consumption of anti-inflammatory medication
NOTE: This illness has no cure but can be weakened
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Definition
This disease essentially Categories respiratory illnesses that cause breathlessness, or the inability to exhale normally
COPD is difficult to identify, because symptoms are often mistaken for the gradual aging process and body deterioration
How does it develop?
It can develop over the course of several years without any signs of shortness of breath
The disease usually begins while people are in their 30s or 40s and then peaks during their 50s, 60s and 70s
This disease is generally associated with cigarette smoking.
It’s rare to see people with COPD who haven’t been exposed to some sort of smoking
Symptoms
Symptoms including: shortness of breath, and regular cough up sputum (mucus from the lungs)
Treatment
Smoking cessation
Bronchodilator therapy (medication that opens the airways)
Pulmonary rehabilitation(supervised exercise program for people with COPD)
NOTE
COPD is not reversible
COPD is the third leading cause of death in the U.S
Chronic bronchitis
Symptoms
Usually people cough up sputum (mucus from the lungs)
mucus glands in the airways increase output, and patients have to cough that extra secretion out
People can also develop acute bronchitis, which is not a long-term disease but rather an infectious problem
Develops from a viral or bacterial infection and can be treated with antibiotics.
What is it
Chronic bronchitis is a form of COPD
It is also treated the same way as COPD
NOTE
Symptoms associated with acute (serious) bronchitis will subside once the infection has resolved
lung cancer
What is it?
Type of Cancer which is difficult to detect because it has the ability to develop in any part of the lungs
Most often, the cancer develops in the main part of the lungs near the air sacs
What does the disease do?
DNA mutations in the lungs cause irregular cells to multiply and create an uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells, or a tumor
These tumors interfere with the regular functions of the lungs
What are the risk factors?
most common risk factor for lung cancer is cigarette smoke. Other risk factors include radon exposure, workplace exposure, including asbestos and diesel fumes, secondhand smoke, air pollution and radiation exposure from frequent CT scans of the chest
Symptoms
Symptoms can take years to appear, but include things like chronic coughing, changes in voice, harsh breathing sounds and coughing up blood
NOTE
lung cancer is by far the leading cause of cancer death among both men and women in the U.S
Cystic fibrosis/Bronchiectasis
What is it?
Cystic fibrosis is a genetic respiratory disease caused by a defective gene that creates thick and sticky mucus that clogs up tubes and passageways
This mucus causes repeat, and dangerous, lung infections, as well as obstructions in the pancreas that prevent important enzymes from breaking down nutrients for the body
Symptoms
Symptoms of cystic fibrosis include salty-tasting skin, chronic coughing, frequent lung infections and a poor growth rate in children
people who have cystic fibrosis will also develop bronchiectasis
Bronchiectasis is a condition in which patients develop abnormally dilated bronchial tubes. This allows mucus to pool, causing frequent respiratory tract infections, wheezing and shortness of breath
NOTE
bronchiectasis usually develops later in life and is more common in women than men
this disease affects 30,000 people in the U.S., 75 percent of which were diagnosed by age of two
Pneumonia
What is it?
Pneumonia is a common lung disease caused by an infection in the air sacs in the lungs. The infections can be bacterial, viral or fungal. Most people can recover in one to three weeks, but for certain people, pneumonia can be extremely serious and even life-threatening
Who does it affect?
The very young and the very old are more at-risk for pneumonia and complications associated with pneumonia.
Patients can be at increasingly susceptible to pneumonia, based on their smoking history or just their overall immune status.
If they are frail or sickly, they can develop pneumonia more readily than young, healthy, well-nourished people
Symptoms
cough, fever, shaking chills and shortness of breath, can range from mild to severe
How is it Treated
Adults over 65 or those with other chronic disease are encouraged to get the pneumococcal pneumonia vaccine
Additional suggested ways to prevent this respiratory condition include washing hands frequently and getting the flu shot.
Covid-19
What is it?
COVID-19 is new, meaning we're still learning about it
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), COVID-19 is a respiratory illness that belongs to a large family of viruses called coronaviruses
Who /what does it affect?
This type of virus infects humans and animals, but this new strain has not been seen in humans before 2019
Where did it originate?
The virus seems to have originated in Wuhan, China (supposedly)
How does it spread?
the virus spread mainly from person-to-person between people who are in close contact with one another (within about 6 feet)
COVID-19 spreads through droplets released when an infected person coughs, sneezes or talks
Symptoms
The primary symptoms are cough, shortness of breath and fever. If you have these symptoms, please call ahead before visiting a health care facility