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Unit 6: Consequences of Industrialization (c. 1750-1900) - Coggle Diagram
Unit 6: Consequences of Industrialization (c. 1750-1900)
Cause and Consequences of Industrialization
global capitalism
contributed to de-industrialization in some parts of the world while supporting industrialization in imperialist countries in Europe, US, Japan
industrialized states expand overseas
more powerful transportation and military technologies produced by industrialization created stronger states that conquered parts of the world
transportation enabled migration across the globe
violence and injustice of imperialism
inspired rebellions and resistance worldwide
1900s - responses developed into national independence movements that
created new countries esp after WWII
gender imbalances occurred at both ends of migration as more
young males migrated than other demographics
immigrants lived near or with people from the same region in new countries,
forming ethnic enclaves
ex: “chinatowns”
racial hierarchies
settler colonies created social hierarchies based on modern ideas of race
migration from Asia into white settler states was met with racist restrictions from white elites
Chinese Exclusion Act in US
White Australia Policy
Cultural
justified expansion as helping others by spreading Christianity or a higher,
more enlightened form of culture / civilization
civilizing mission
wanted to prove they were fittest by taking over other places
justified imperialism, imperialists told themselves that conquest was natural
saw international relationships as contests in which the fittest survived
people and countries more or less successful based on biological qualities
Social Darwinism
Political
Britain, France, British and Dutch East India Companies, Portugal, Spain
all begin period w/ colonial possessions in Americas, Africa, Asia
Britain
North American, Caribbean Islands, India
expanded into India, Australia & NZ, Africa, China (HK)
reponses: American rev, opium war, Great Indian Rebellion
some cooperation from indigenous elites
British & Dutch East India companies
private possession became state colonies such as Dutch East Indies & British Raj
Japan Meiji Restoration
industrialized and expanded into mainland and island East Asia
industrial developments such as mass-produced goods, steamships, railroads,
more effective firearms allow states to expand power
British abolition of slave trade in 1807 contributed to resurgence in indentured servitude
state power contributed to more globalized capitalist systems that benefited businesses from imperialist centers and impoverished laborers in colonized areas
beginning of European hegemony and control of trade
Economic
economic imperialism - businesses from imperialized countries benefited from pushing commodities and manufactured goods to colonized dependent regions
new technology such as refrigerated shipping containers made shipment of foods life beef from South America possible
British forcibly sold opium to China despite outlaw from Chinese govt, ended in unequal treaties in China with multiple Western countries
profits flowed out of country where natural resources were actually extracted
British investors controlled and profited from Suez Canal in Egypt and Port of Buenos Aires in Argentina
migration
long distance migration expanded greatly
world pop grew and transportation methods advanced
many migrant laborers moved from or within Europe and Asia
steam engine enabled transport by ships and railroads
coerced labor continued in the form of Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade, indentured servitude, and convicts used for labor in British colonies and in a racialized form in the Southern US
imperialism facilitated long-distance migrants
migrants moved within empires