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HASS - Yr9 History - Coggle Diagram

- - - - name invention – Flying Shuttle
      - inventor and date – James Kay 1733, innovated by James Hargreaves in 1764
      - explain significance to I.R – Doubled worker productivity -> Made work eight times faster
      - explain how it changed society –
        
        work – 1 worker could accomplish the work of 2 -> 1 person – work of 8
        
        business – People lost jobs
        
        leisure – job would be done faster so workers would get to go home earlier
        
        society – good for business – increase profits, Britain wealthier. Mass fashion. Child labour
    - - name invention – Steam Locomotives
      - inventor and date – Richard Trevithick 1801
      - explain significance to I.R – faster travel
      - explain how it changed society –
        
        work – roads had to be built -> more work
        
        leisure – people travel because they could
        
        food – Food could be imported and exported
        
        travel – faster -> can get to family and friends easier
        
        society – goods moved faster, quick travel -> production increase, food imported. Tourism growth. Machine put people out of work
  - - - Profit from cheap labour – main aim -> long hours/poor conditions -> accidents
    - - Cramped
      - Harsh and unsafe conditions/lack of safety
    - - cheap
      - small
        
        get into small places
        
        smaller mine tunnels
      - easy to manage
  - - - Why it was so rapid during I.R
        
        Factories were built -> attracting workers
        
        Living standards -> medicine -> life expectancy increase
        
        Enclosure act -> jobless farmers migrating
  - - - steam engine - coal
        
        factories (John Lombo) -> lots of money - buy machine
        
        rivers - large
        
        machinery - transport
        
        railroads
        
        steamships
  - - - • Brits establish a penal colony in 1788
      - • Crim rise bc I.R.  Brit thought problem could be resolved by transporting criminals to a distant land
      - • Australia  development
    - - 1868, Japan -> cut off from Western influences for 260 years, after the shogun (military leader) expelled all Christian missionaries from the country and closed the borders to all foreigners
      - American warships in the 1850s led to the Meiji Restoration -> modern government, and trade with the West increased dramatically -> large quantities of goods were imported
    - - Child labour
      - Advances in medicine
      - Factories + money
      - Investments
      - Exploitation
    - - After War of Independence  American industry began to grow rapidly
- - - - why were they dug
        
        used for cover
        
        used to protect from artillery
      - Trenches dug in zig zags for protection against invaders and bombs
      - trenches are open roof tunnels
      - 4 lines of trenchs
        
        Front line
        
        Support
        
        communications
        
        reserve
  - - - Only federated in 1901
      - 25% Aussies were British born
      - 98% Aussies had British ancestral origins
      - (1 or more grandparents at least)
      - A.I.F. = Australian Imperial Force
    - - How many?
        
        Britain was promised 20,000
        
        but got 50,000
      - Why?
        
        Adventure
        
        Wanted explore the world
        
        Income
        
        6 shillings (60 cents)/day – average wage + regular pay
        
        Loyalty
        
        it was heavily connected to Britain, they believed that they should help out and they were a dominium of the British empire so they had too
        
        to British empire
        
        Ex-colony
        
        25% British born
        
        Bad marriages
        
        Only 400 accepted
        
        on return - no benefits
        
        Boredom
        
        Had nothing to do (links to adventure)
        
        Recruitment rallies and propaganda
        
        acted like war was a sport
        
        Peer pressure
        
        Gov was sending white feathers to symbolise cowardliness
        
        Many friends in a group were signing up and it pressured the ones who didn't want to sign up, to sign up
    - - Why send ANZACs there
        
        Allies were trying to get supplies to Russia but the Dardanelles (important shipping lane/river to get to Russia) had underwater mines
        
        Had to get through Turkey (German Ally) to get supplies to Russia
        
        Allies needed as much support on the Western Front as possible so sent ANZAC soldiers to get the supplies to Russia instead
      - Significance
        
        first war Australia fought in since they became federated
        
        Gallipoli Campaign lasted 8 months
        
        disaster because of disorganisation, poor supplies and conditions, and mass casualties
        
        triumphs where the ANZACs gained land and fought bravely by fully committing and supporting each other
        
        significant event because although there were casualties and the planning went array, ANZACs fought bravely, and were able to overcome obstacles through the disorganised state.
      - ANZACs
        
        Aussie and NZ soldiers created the ANZACs while training in Egypt
        
        Gallipoli later became known as ANZAC Cove
      - Aussie troops thought they were going to fight on the western front
      - ANZACs landed in Gallipoli on 25 April, 1915
      - Gallipoli attack plan
        
        Naval attack through Dardanelles
        
        Allies attack Turks by surprise and take the capital
        
        attack on the Gallipoli Peninsula from the Aegean Sea coast
        
        take 7 kilometres of territory
        
        most of that didn't work so ANZACs were ordered to dig in
      - Outcome
        
        More than 600 Australian soldiers were killed on the ¬first day of the campaign.
        
        ANZACs withdrew from Gallipoli
        
        ANZACs - 8709 dead, 19,000 wounded
        
        Turks – 80,000 deaths
      - Conditions
        
        Extremely difficult
        
        Weather problems -> extremely cold winter
        
        Snipers at night
        
        Turks had high ground + knew land better
        
        Supply problems (mainly water)
        
        Health problems – soldiers died or hospitalised from illness – lot of bugs
        
        Poor sanitation/hygiene
  - - - One of the ways in which European countries tried to strengthen their power and influence was to establish large empires
      - Empires 1880’s – largest land -> empire. Germany -> wants empire
      - Def – building up empire + take over colonies
      - Link – fight for resource (scramble for Africa)
    - - A movement that sees people developing strong loyalties to their countries, along with the belief that the needs of their country are more important that those of other countries.
      - France + Germany -> war 1870 – French lost
      - Def – loyalty to a nation
      - Link – hate other nations
    - - Link – teaming up – same goal (start war)
      - The Great Powers formed two very powerful alliances that divided Europe and increase suspicions and tensions.
        
        The Triple Alliance – Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy 1882
        
        The Triple Entente – France, Britain, Russia 1907
      - Def – countries allied/helping each other
    - - Policy geared to building up large military forces
      - Growth in arms -> anxiety -> war
      - Def - power, fighting, weapons
      - Link – intimidation, anxiety
    - - Death of Franz Ferdinand
- - - - cause
        
        The cause is what leads up to the event and why it happened
        
        E.g. A person drops a banana peel on the floor and another person steps on it
      - effect
        
        The effect is how the event impacted people or society
        
        E.g. the person steps on the banana peel, slips and hurts their wrist
    - - continuity
        
        Things that stay the same
      - change
        
        Things become different to what they originally were
    - - What and why something was important
      - E.g. Rosa Parks refusing to give up her seat sparked nationwide efforts to end racial segregation of public facilities
    - - Evidence is what supports a claim or event.
      - Primary evidence is from the time of the event
        
        E.g. a writing or painting
      - Secondary evidence is from after the event. The secondary evidence could come from 100 or 800 years after the event
        
        E.g. the OBI HASS textbook or wikipedia
    - - Point of view
      - People will have different opinions
      - E.g. If an umpire says something, the teams will both have different opinions about the call
    - - Contestability links to perspective
      - Two people arguing will have different opinions about the subject
      - Sometimes people only see the mistakes
  - - - Positive factors enticing people
    - - Negative factors forcing migration
    - - what it tells us, what you see/read
    - - pros – tells us
      - cons – limitations/missing info
    - - backstory