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METHOD OF THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT :fire: ( PYROLYSIS) - Coggle Diagram
METHOD OF THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT
:fire:
( PYROLYSIS)
DEFINE AS
:question:
Thermal decomposition through the application of intense indirect heat in the absence of oxygen
Waste material reduced to synthetic gas (Syngas), bio-oil and non-hazardous carbon (char)
Presences of water : Hydrous pyrolysis
WASTE TREATED BY PYROLYSIS
Municipal solid waste
Waste Tires
Wood materials
Biomass: Animal waste
BASIC CONCEPT
PROCESS
Consist of simultaneous and successive reaction when organic material is heated in non- reactive atmosphere
Long chain of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen compound in biomass break down into smaller molecules in form of
Gases
Condensable vapor (tars and oils)
solid charcoal under pyrolysis condition
TYPES :black_flag:
SLOW
Takes several hours to complete
Bio-Char as main producr
FAST
Takes 2 seconds
Flash pyrolysis
Most widely used
Temperature between 300-500 celsius
Char accumulates quickly
commonly yield 60% bio-oil
Must be removed frequently
UTILIZATION OF PYROLYSIS PRODUCT
Saving the environment
Bio-Oil
Bio-Char
Syn-Gas
USES OF PRODUCT :smiley:
BIO-OIL
Not suitable for direct use in standard internal combustion engines
Oil can be upgraded to special engine fuel through gasification processes to syngas and biodiesel
Vital source of organic compounds and specialty chemicals
SYN-GAS
Short synthesis gas
Volatile making it ideal fuel sources
Made up of carbon monoxide, hydrogen (85%) with smaller amount of carbon dioxide and methane
Has around half of energy of natural gas: Can be use as fuel to generate electricity/steam
Immediate combustion of syngas eliminate most of noxious elements, resulting in clean emissions
BIO-CHAR
Coal replacement in certain combustion process
Used in agriculture for soll amendment
Highly absorbent Increase the soil's ability to retain water, nutrient and agricultural chemicals :
Preventing water contamination and soil erosion
PROS AND CONS
ADVANTAGES :check:
Can be performed at relatively small scale and remote locations
Can be done at remote location: Reduce transport and handling costs
Wide range if biomass feed stock can be used
Highly efficiency and good environmental performance characteristic
DISADVANTAGES :green_cross:
Very dependent on the moisture content of the feedstock
At lower water level there is a risk that the process only produces dust instead of oil
High-moisture water streams require drying before subjecting to pyrolysis
At higher moisture contents, high level of water produced
