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INTEGRATED CIRCUIT(IC) - Coggle Diagram
INTEGRATED CIRCUIT(IC)
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OVERVIEW
is a set of electronic circuits on one small flat piece (or "chip") of semiconductor material that is normally silicon.
The integration of large numbers of tiny MOS transistors into a small chip results in circuits that are orders of magnitude smaller, faster, and less expensive than those constructed of discrete electronic components.
Cost is low because the chips, with all their components, are printed as a unit by photolithography rather than being constructed one transistor at a time
Performance is high because the IC's components switch quickly and consume comparatively little power because of their small size and proximity
Early concepts of an integrated circuit go back to 1949, when German engineer Werner Jacobi[4] (Siemens AG)[5] filed a patent for an integrated-circuit-like semiconductor amplifying device[6] showing five transistors on a common substrate in a 3-stage amplifier arrangement. Jacobi disclosed small and cheap hearing aids as typical industrial applications of his patent.
The idea of an integrated circuit was first proposed by Geoffrey W. A. Dummer in the year 1952. But the attempt to build it led to failure. Another idea was proposed by Jack Kilby. He came up with an idea to create small ceramic wafers where each wafer carried a small miniature discrete component. All these wafers could then be wired to form a compact circuit.
The main disadvantage of ICs is the high cost to design them and fabricate the required photomasks. This high initial cost means ICs are only commercially viable when high production volumes are anticipated.
OPERATION
combination of diodes, transistors, and microprocessors in a minimized form on a semi-conductor material called a wafer, which is usually silicon
Transistors
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can also be used as switches, just like a light switch, except they work with digital circuits.
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CONSTRUCTION
Designing
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used where gain, power dissipation and resistance are required to be perfect
used to design oscillators, filters, line regulators, operational amplifiers and phase locked loops.
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