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The Digestive and Urinary System Leslie De La Rosa Period:4 -…
The Digestive and Urinary System
Leslie De La Rosa Period:4
Major Functions:
-digest food substances to much simpler forms
removes waste
absorption
Digestive System:
mechanical breakdown
digestion
propulsion
absorption
Ingestion
defecation
filter blood and create urine to remove waste
Major Organs:
Digestive System
Alimentary Canal Organs
Esophagus (moves food to stomach)
Stomach: temporarily stores food and begins protein digestion
Pharynx (moves food to esophagus)
Small Intestine: digestion and absorption
Mouth: Ingestion (Intake food)
Large Intestine: absorbs water and eliminates feces
Accessory organs
Tongue (compacts food)
Salivary Glands (parotid, submandibular, and sublingual):moistens food, helps compact food, dissolves food, and begins digestion of starch
Teeth (mechanical breakdown)
Liver: secretes bile
Gallbladder: stores and concentrates bile
Pancreas:secretes digestive enzymes
Urinary System
Ureters: urine from kidney to bladder
Bladder:storage reservoir for urine
Kidneys
-Regulating total water volume and total solute concentration in water
– Regulating ion concentrations in extracellular fluid (ECF)
– Ensuring long-term acid-base balance
– Excreting metabolic wastes, toxins, drugs
– Producing erythropoietin (regulates blood pressure and renin (regulates RBC production)
– Activating vitamin D
Urethra:transport urine out of body
Digestive Enzymes:
Peptidases
(small intestine( released in small intestine and breaks down protein
Pepsin
(Gastric Glands) released in stomach and breaks down protein
Nuclease
(Pancreas) released in small intestine and breaks down nucleic acid
Maltase
(Small intestine): released in small intestine and break down carbohydrates
Nucleosidases
: (Pancreas) released in small intestine and breaks down nucleic acid
Pancreatic Amylase
(Pancreas) released in small intestine and digest carbohydrates
Lipsae
: (Pancreas) released in small intestine and digests fat
Salivary Amylase
: (Salivary Glands) digest carbohydrates and released in mouth
Trypsin
(Pancreas) is released in small intestine and digests protein
Location of Digestion and Absorption of each
macromolecule
Vitamin Absorption
In small and large intestine depending on vitamin type
Absorption of electrolytes
transported actively along length of small intestine
Absorption of water
9 L water, most from GI tract secretions, enter small intestine
rest absorbed in large intestine
layers of the GI tract (including stomach)
Mucosa
Epithelium: Secretes mucus, digestive enzymes, and hormones
Lamina propria: Absorbs end products of digestion
• Muscularis mucosae: Protects against infectious disease
Submucosa
: help organs to regain shape after storing
large meal with elastic tissue
Muscularis externa
:segmentation and peristalsis
Serosa
: outer connective tissue layer
Nephron anatomy and physiology;
Anatomy:
Renal corpuscle
Glomerulus: filtrate formation
Glomerulus Capsule: allow filtrate to pass
Renal tubule
Proximal convoluted tubule: re-absorption and secretion
Nephron loop
Distal convoluted tubule: secretion> absorption
Physiology: structural and functional units that form urine (over 1 million per kidney
Disorders:
Urinary Systems
Incontinence
involuntary discharge of urine/feces
Glomerulonephritis
kidney inflammation
Cystisis
inflammation of bladder
Pyelonephritis
bacteria infection in renal pelvis
Digestive System
Esphogeal
twisted veins in esophagus causing fatal bleeding
Gastroenteritis
inflammation of stomach and small intestine
Gastrointestinal Ulcers
peptic/stomach ulcers
Appendicits
inflammation of appendix caused by leakage from duodenum
