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3-4.Phonology - Coggle Diagram

- - - - ex
        
        farm
        
        far
  - - - farm as faam
      - far as faa
- - - - ex
        
        vs
        
        latter
        
        ladder
        
        vs
        
        time
        
        dime
  - - - vs
        
        Rat
        
        Rad
- - - - same pronunciation but different meaning
    - - same spelling but different meaning
- - - - phonemes do not exist in the real world, they are abstract elements of the system (langue)
    - - phones
        
        what hearers really perceive
        
        sounds
        
        realisations
        
        sufficiently similar phones with disregarded small physical differences are
- - - - dark l
        
        before consonants and in final position
      - clear l
        
        before vowels(let) and /j/
      - aspiration
        
        plosive /p/ is aspirated(accompanied by strong burst of air) in initial position, but unaspirated when proceded by /s/
        
        ex
        
        vs
        
        pot
        
        spot
      - fronted
        
        ex
        
        vs
        
        car
        
        key
      - clipped(shortened)
        
        ex
        
        vs
        
        lose
        
        loose