Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Digestive/Urinary System Annabel Quintero Period 7 - Coggle Diagram
Digestive/Urinary System
Annabel Quintero Period 7
Major functions
Digestive System
digestion and absorption of food for metabolism
mechanical digestion
physical breaking of large food pieces into smaller pieces
chemical digestion
breaks food into simpler chemicals that can be absorbed by cells in the body
Urinary System
elimination of waste products
regulate aspects of homeostasis
produce hormones
Major organs
Urinary System
kidneys
ureters
urinary bladder
urethra
Digestive System
alimentary canal or gastrointestinal (GI) tract
mouth
pharynx
esophagus
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
anus
accessory digestive organs
teeth
tongue
gallbladder
salivary glands
liver
pancreas
Digestive enzymes
salivary amylase
breaks apart starch into oligosaccharides
pepsin
breaks proteins into polypeptides
trypsin, chymotrypsin, & carboxypeptidase
breaks down polypeptides into small polypeptides and peptides
nucleases
breaks nucleic acids into pentose sugars, nitrogenous
Location of digestion and absorption of each
macromolecule
protein
stomach and small intestine
carbohydrates (polysaccharides and disaccharides)
mouth and small intestine
DNA/RNA (nucleic acid)
pancreas
lipids (fat)
small intestine
layers of the GI tract
mucosa
mucous membrane
produces mucus for reduction of friction and protection
epithelium
varies by location
simple columnar in intestine for absorption and secretion
lamina propria
areolar connective tissue
contains blood and lymphatic vessels, and lymph node for nourishment and immunity
muscularis mucosae
two thin layer of smooth muscles
submucosa
areolar connective tissue
many elastic fibers to retain shape
submucosal plexus
glands and lymphatic tissue
muscularis layer
two layers of smooth muscles to allow peristalsis and segmentation
inner circle layer
squeeze, decrease size of lumen; in some areas act as a sphincter or valves
outer longitudinal layer
shortens intestine
serosa
outer covering of the GI tract
serous membrane
thin layer of areolar connective tissue and simple squamous epithelium
produces serous fluid for lubrication
attaches the digestive tract to the wall of the abdominopelvic cavity by forming folds called mesenteries
Nephron
physiology
responsible for urine
filtration
anatomy
glomerulus (capillaries)
specialized capillary bed
allows large amounts of solute-rich, protein free fluid to pass from the blood to the glomerular capsule
filtrate contains everything found in blood plasma except proteins
urine contains mostly metabolic wastes and unneeded substances
renal tubule
four parts
glomsrular (Bowmans) capsule
proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
loop of Henle
distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
Disorders
Digestive
appendicitis
crohn's disease
diverticulitis
gastritis
esophagitis
hepatitis
Urinary
anuria
urethritis
urinary tract infection (UTI)
cystitis