Digestive/Urinary System - Thomas Cruz P.4

disorders of the digestive and urinary systems

major organs of the digestive and urinary systems

location of digestion and absorption of each
macromolecule

digestive
enzymes (including names and functions)

Nephron anatomy and physiology

Major functions of the
digestive and urinary systems

layers of the GI tract

Digestive Disorders

Renal Capsule

Submucosa

Amylase

Urinary

Digestive Functions

Carbohydrate Digestion

begins breakdown of starch

Digestive

Mouth

Chews food into smaller pieces and is the beginning of the digestive tract

Esophagus

long, thin, muscular tube that connects pharynx to the stomach

Stomach

sac-like organ with strong walls that holds, mixes, and grinds food and makes aces and enzymes to break down the food

Small Intestine

helps absorbs materials and nutrients

Large intestine

absorbs water and vitamins that converts the food into waste

Anus

Hole; last part of the digestive tract that all wastes exit out of

Liver

helps process the nutrients that are absorbed from the small intestine

Pancreas

helps produce hormones and insulin that are needed for the breaking down of food

Gall Bladder

helps store and hold bile that was made in the liver

Kidneys

filter waste, maintain fluid balance, and help regulate and filter materials from the blood

Renal Pelvis

the funnel for urine flowing to the ureter

Ureters

help carry urge and connect the kidneys to the bladder

Bladder

stores urine and controls the urination

Urethra

carries the urine from the bladder outside of the body

Urinary Functions

Regulates blood amount

Eliminates any wastes in the body

controls levels of electrolytes & metabolites

Absorbs and breaks down food and molecules

eliminates any wastes in the body

Nucleases

breaks down nucleic acids into nucleotides

Lipases

breaks down lipids into fatty acids and glycerol

Protease

breaks down proteins into amino acids

Fat Digestion

Nucleic acid Digestion

small intestine

mouth & small intestine

mouth, through stomach, ends small intestine

Protein Digestion

stomach, small intestine

supports the kidney mass, protects vital tissue, and covers the outer surface of kidney

Distal Convoluted Tubule

located in cortex of kidney, reabsorbs calcium, sodium and chloride, and regulates the pH of urine

Renal Cortex

is the space for arterioles and venues to go from renal artery and vein, perfuse nephrons within the kidney

Renal Medulla

inside portion of kidney, sends materials to the bladder, filtrates waste and eliminates fluid

Nephron Loop

recovers water and sodium chloride from the urine

Collecting Duct

collects urine and moves it to the renal pelvis and ureters

Muscularis Propia

Mucosa

Adventitia

Innermost Layer

Outermost Layer

passes digested stuff through these capillaries; double layer of smooth muscle

loose connective tissue; has mucous secreting glands

smooth muscle; has two layers: an inner (circular) and outer (longitudinal)

moves food through the gut

loose connective issues that are covered by the visceral peritoneum and contain the blood vessels, lymphs, and nerves

Urinary Disorders

cancers of the urinary tract

incontinence

inability to control urine flow

interstitial cystitis

Kidney stones or failure

urinary tract infections (UTI's)

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

causes heartburn, difficulty to moved food to stomach

Stomach Flu

infection in the stomach and small intestine

Gallstones

formation of bile piling up