Digestive/Urinary System - Thomas Cruz P.4
disorders of the digestive and urinary systems
major organs of the digestive and urinary systems
location of digestion and absorption of each
macromolecule
digestive
enzymes (including names and functions)
Nephron anatomy and physiology
Major functions of the
digestive and urinary systems
layers of the GI tract
Digestive Disorders
Renal Capsule
Submucosa
Amylase
Urinary
Digestive Functions
Carbohydrate Digestion
begins breakdown of starch
Digestive
Mouth
Chews food into smaller pieces and is the beginning of the digestive tract
Esophagus
long, thin, muscular tube that connects pharynx to the stomach
Stomach
sac-like organ with strong walls that holds, mixes, and grinds food and makes aces and enzymes to break down the food
Small Intestine
helps absorbs materials and nutrients
Large intestine
absorbs water and vitamins that converts the food into waste
Anus
Hole; last part of the digestive tract that all wastes exit out of
Liver
helps process the nutrients that are absorbed from the small intestine
Pancreas
helps produce hormones and insulin that are needed for the breaking down of food
Gall Bladder
helps store and hold bile that was made in the liver
Kidneys
filter waste, maintain fluid balance, and help regulate and filter materials from the blood
Renal Pelvis
the funnel for urine flowing to the ureter
Ureters
help carry urge and connect the kidneys to the bladder
Bladder
stores urine and controls the urination
Urethra
carries the urine from the bladder outside of the body
Urinary Functions
Regulates blood amount
Eliminates any wastes in the body
controls levels of electrolytes & metabolites
Absorbs and breaks down food and molecules
eliminates any wastes in the body
Nucleases
breaks down nucleic acids into nucleotides
Lipases
breaks down lipids into fatty acids and glycerol
Protease
breaks down proteins into amino acids
Fat Digestion
Nucleic acid Digestion
small intestine
mouth & small intestine
mouth, through stomach, ends small intestine
Protein Digestion
stomach, small intestine
supports the kidney mass, protects vital tissue, and covers the outer surface of kidney
Distal Convoluted Tubule
located in cortex of kidney, reabsorbs calcium, sodium and chloride, and regulates the pH of urine
Renal Cortex
is the space for arterioles and venues to go from renal artery and vein, perfuse nephrons within the kidney
Renal Medulla
inside portion of kidney, sends materials to the bladder, filtrates waste and eliminates fluid
Nephron Loop
recovers water and sodium chloride from the urine
Collecting Duct
collects urine and moves it to the renal pelvis and ureters
Muscularis Propia
Mucosa
Adventitia
Innermost Layer
Outermost Layer
passes digested stuff through these capillaries; double layer of smooth muscle
loose connective tissue; has mucous secreting glands
smooth muscle; has two layers: an inner (circular) and outer (longitudinal)
moves food through the gut
loose connective issues that are covered by the visceral peritoneum and contain the blood vessels, lymphs, and nerves
Urinary Disorders
cancers of the urinary tract
incontinence
inability to control urine flow
interstitial cystitis
Kidney stones or failure
urinary tract infections (UTI's)
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
causes heartburn, difficulty to moved food to stomach
Stomach Flu
infection in the stomach and small intestine
Gallstones
formation of bile piling up