Geophysical Method

electrical resistivity

seismic

studying ground condition

application

subsurface investigations

mineral exploration

method

emitting a percussive force to the ground

producing seismic waves which travel through the subsurface

Seismic_exploration

reflecting back or refracting

depth and shape of underground structures can be interpreted

Chronology

vibrator truck

geophone group

recording truck

initial force can be generated by means of explosives, or in environmentally sensitive areas (i.e. anywhere on land) dropping a significant weight onto the ground surface using a hammer-plate or buffalo gun

Refracted waves are detected

record the time taken by direct waves, reflected waves and refracted wave

processing so it can be interpreted for underground structures

Analysing the time that the soundwaves take to return

valuable information about rock types and possible fluids in the rocks

bulk electric property of all material that shows how strongly it opposes the flow of electric current

example

allow for imaging the subsurface of the Earth on both land and in water

ERT_Schnitt_d

conductive properties of various metal-bearing mineral

mineral exploration for metallic ore bodies

3D volumes of rock

2D sections

applying a small and highly controlled electric current across an array of electrodes

resistivity surveys are often coupled with induced polarisation surveys

geologists can use resistivity imaging to create a time-lapse of biological hydrological events over time

to capture % change of dynamic conditions

examining how water discharges underground

see how dangerous chemical spillages are moving underground

fast performance and the dense measuring data.