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Geophysical Method - Coggle Diagram

- - - - depth and shape of underground structures can be interpreted
  - - - initial force can be generated by means of explosives, or in environmentally sensitive areas (i.e. anywhere on land) dropping a significant weight onto the ground surface using a hammer-plate or buffalo gun
    - - Refracted waves are detected
      - record the time taken by direct waves, reflected waves and refracted wave
    - - processing so it can be interpreted for underground structures
      - Analysing the time that the soundwaves take to return
        
        valuable information about rock types and possible fluids in the rocks
- - - - applying a small and highly controlled electric current across an array of electrodes
        
        resistivity surveys are often coupled with induced polarisation surveys
  - - - examining how water discharges underground
      - see how dangerous chemical spillages are moving underground