Geophysical Method
electrical resistivity
seismic
studying ground condition
application
subsurface investigations
mineral exploration
method
emitting a percussive force to the ground
producing seismic waves which travel through the subsurface
reflecting back or refracting
depth and shape of underground structures can be interpreted
Chronology
vibrator truck
geophone group
recording truck
initial force can be generated by means of explosives, or in environmentally sensitive areas (i.e. anywhere on land) dropping a significant weight onto the ground surface using a hammer-plate or buffalo gun
Refracted waves are detected
record the time taken by direct waves, reflected waves and refracted wave
processing so it can be interpreted for underground structures
Analysing the time that the soundwaves take to return
valuable information about rock types and possible fluids in the rocks
bulk electric property of all material that shows how strongly it opposes the flow of electric current
example
allow for imaging the subsurface of the Earth on both land and in water
conductive properties of various metal-bearing mineral
mineral exploration for metallic ore bodies
3D volumes of rock
2D sections
applying a small and highly controlled electric current across an array of electrodes
resistivity surveys are often coupled with induced polarisation surveys
geologists can use resistivity imaging to create a time-lapse of biological hydrological events over time
to capture % change of dynamic conditions
examining how water discharges underground
see how dangerous chemical spillages are moving underground
fast performance and the dense measuring data.