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PERCEPTION OF THE SELF AND OTHERS IN INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION - Coggle…
PERCEPTION OF THE SELF AND OTHERS IN INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
The Self in Interpersonal Communication
Self Concept
the way you see you are
Four sources of self- concept :
other's images
knowing about yourself through yourself or from others tells us and from the way they serve you.
social comparison
Comparing yourself with others.
cultural teachings
Through your parents, teachers, and the media, your culture instills in you a variety of beliefs, values and attitudes.
self-evaluation
You react to your own behavior, interpret and evaluate it.
Self Awareness
the extent to which you know yourself
four aspect s of self-awareness
open self
information about yourself that you and other know
blind self
Information about yourself that don’t know but that others do know
hidden self
information about yourself that you know but others don’t know
unknown self
Information about yourself that neither you nor others know
Five ways you can increase your self-awareness
Ask yourself about yourself.
Listen to others.
Actively seek information about yourself.
See your different selves.
Increase your open self.
Self-Esteem
a measure of how valuable you think you are
five suggestions for increasing self-esteem
attack self-destructive beliefs
Recognize your self-destructive beliefs and eliminate them
seek out nourishing people
Nourishing people are positive and optimistic
work on project that will result in success
Select the project that the result will be success
remind yourself of your success
Remember success when you are in a state of failure, it will keep you motivated to succeed
secure affirmation
refer to positive statements about yourself
example of self-affirmation statements
"I am responsible"
"I am capable of loving"
“I am a worthy person”
"I can accept my past but also let it go"
"I will study more effective"
Perception in Interpersonal Communication
the process by which we become aware of objects, events, and especially people around us through your sense sight, smell, taste, touch and hearing
five stage of perception of communication
stage two; organization
organization by schemata
mental templates that help you organize information and remember it
organization by scripts
An organized body of information about some action, event or procedure
stage three; interpretation-evaluation
A combined term because the two processes cannot be separated
stage one; stimulation
Your sense organs are stimulated
Engage in selective perception, a general term that includes selective attention and selective exposure
Selective attention
Selective exposure
stage four; memory
percention will be stored in memory and you may recover it
stage five; recall
access information already stored in memory
Impression Formation Communication
refers to the perception of the people and the various processes through which you are going to influence others.
six impression processes
Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
A prediction that comes true because you act on it as if it were true.
Four basic steps in self-fulfilling prophecy:
you make prediction or formulate a belief about a person or a situation
you act toward that person or situation as if that prediction or belief were true.
because you act as if the belief were true, it becomes true.
you observe your effect on the person or the resulting situation, and what you see strengthens your beliefs.
Attribution of Control
Research shown that if you feel a person was in control of negative behaviors, you’ll come to dislike him or her
Several potential errors in attribution of control are:
The self-serving bias
take credit for the positive and deny responsibility for the negative.
Overattribution
the tendency to single out one or two obvious characteristics of a person and attribute everything that person does to this one or these two characteristics
The fundamental attribution error
occurs when assess someone’s behavior but overvalue the contribution of internal factors and undervalue the influence of external factors.
Implicit Personality Theory
The system of rules that tells you which characteristics go together.
Halo effect is a function of the implicit personality theory.
Perceptual Accentuation
leading you to see what you expect and want to see.
guide you to understand what you need or want to feel from what actually exists or fails to understand it
Consistency
The tendency to maintain balance among perceptions or attitudes.
According to most consistency, you would expect:
a person you liked to like you and a person you disliked to disliked you
would expect your enemy to dislike your friend and to like you other enemy
would expect a friend to like a friend and to dislike an enemy
Primacy-Recency
what comes first exerts the most influence.
If the initial impression or schema is positive, others are likely:
to readily remember additional positive information, because it confirms this original positive image or schema
to interpret ambiguous information as positive
to easily forget or distort negative information, because it contradicts this original positive schema