Definition : processes that direct and sustain individuals’ behavior toward something

Process to engage in a behavior arises from within the individual because it is intrinsically rewarding

Occurs when we are motivated to perform a behavior or engage in an activity because the activity is interesting in itself

Process to engage in a behavior arises from within the individual because it is extrinsically rewarding

Occurs when we are motivated to perform a behavior or engage in an activity to earn a reward or avoid punishment

People are active organisms, with evolved tendencies toward growing, mastering ambient challenges, and integrating new experiences into a coherent sense of self

Cognitive evaluation theory : Events that happen to students might affect motivation through students’ perception of the events itself as either controlling behavior or providing information

Attitudes are developed and modified based on assessments about beliefs and values.

Students' achievement and achievement related choices are most proximally determined by two factors