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CHAPTER 5 - Computer & Work - Coggle Diagram
CHAPTER 5 - Computer & Work
Impact of Computers on Work
Problems:
:red_cross: some job may be eliminate
:red_cross:health issues have been associate with computer usage
:red_cross: need for retraining as technology changes continuously
:red_cross: less privacy to the employees when their jobs being monitored
Benefits:
:explode:new jobs created
:explode:repetitive or boring jobs are done with computers
:explode:more time creativity
:explode: some workers"telecommute"
Job Destruction and Creation
Computers & Unemployment:
:check: automation leads to loss of jobs
:check: computerization eliminates some jobs
:check: computer efficiency means fewer jobs
Computers & Employment
:eggplant: The need for computer designers,builders and programmers creates jobs.
:eggplant: growing computer networks create jobs for administrators
:eggplant:the need for training sales and technical support creates jobs.
Benefits:
:star: A successful technology eliminates or reduce some jobs but creates others --reduced needs for telephone operators, meter readers,mid-level managers
:star:new industries arise--internet,cellular communications
:star: lower prices increase demand an create jobs--music industry changed from serving the wealthy to serving the masses,employing more than just musician
:star:unemployment rates fluctuate-- growth of computers has been steady,while unemployment has fluctuated widely
:star:people work fewer hours since industrial revolution
:star: purchasing power increases as prices fall
Changing Skill Levels
:black_flag:the new jobs created from computers are different from the jobs eliminated
:black_flag:: new jobs such as computer engineer and system analyst jobs require a college degree,where jobs such as bank tellers , customer service representatives and clerks do not
:black_flag:: companies are more willing to hire people without specific skills when they can train new people quikly
Global Workforce
Outsourcing:
phenomenon where a company pays another company to build parts for its products or services instead of performing those task itself
Offshoring:
the practice of moving business processes or services to another country,especially overseas to reduce costs.
Inshoring:
when another company employs thousand of people in the US
Problems of Offshoring:
:lock:consumers complain about customer service representatives because accents are difficult to understand
:lock: employees in US companies need new job skills
:lock: increased demand for high-skill workers in other countries forces salaries up
Getting a Job:
Learning about jobs and companies:
:red_flag:online company histories and annual reports
:red_flag: job search and resume sites
:red_flag:online training
Learning about applicants and employees:
:pencil2:search online newsgroups and social networks
:pencil2:hire data-collection agencies such as ChoicePoint
:pencil2:prospective employees may craft an online profile and presence geared towards the job they want
Job Dispersal and Telecommuting
Telecommuting:
:green_cross:working at home using a computer electronically linked to one's place of employment
:green_cross:mobile office using a laptop,working out of your car or at customer locations
:green_cross: fulltime and part-time telecommuting
Benefits:
-reduce overhead for employers
-reduce need for large offices
-employees are more productive,satisfied and loyal
-reduces traffic congestion,pollution,gasoline use and stress
-reduces expenses for commuting and money spent on work clothes
-allows work to continue after blizzards, hurricanes
Problems:
=employers see resentment from those who have at the office
=for some telecommuting employees,corporation loyalty weakens
=odd work hours
=cost for office space has shifted to the employee
=security risks when work and personal activities reside on the same computer
Changing Structure of Business:
:checkered_flag:increase in smaller businesses and independent
:checkered_flag:"mom and pop multi-nationals",small businesses on the web
:checkered_flag: growth of large,multi-national corporations
:checkered_flag: not all changes due to technology
Employee Crime
Embezzlement:
:lollipop:is a crime that involves the unlawful conversion of property by someone who has been entrusted with it.
:lollipop:The offender generally has some type of relationship to the victims,such as an employee,a fiduciary,a bank or a government official
Sabotage:
:koala:the fired employees will get make angry at their employer for some reason and sometimes will make sabotage the company computer systems
Motivation of sabotage:
:koala:the saboteurs can cause a great amount of damage which is ease for them to make it
Factors reduce possibility of large frauds:
:scissors:management experts recommend that responsibilities of employees with access to sensitive computer system be rotated,so someone will b noticed on what unsuspicious activity
:scissors:each employees must have their own ID number in order to limit the number of people can access the system and record the IDs who are has been access the computer
:scissors:If employee get fired or quits from their works,the company should delete or terminate the account's employee immediately
:scissors:audit trails protect privacy
Employee Monitoring:
is the act of wathcing and monitoring employees' actions during working hours using employer equipment/property
Situation of employee monitoring
Past:
Employee monitored by logs,time clocks and boss patrolled
Present:
Employers use of technology to monitor their employees
Categories:
:cactus: Keystroke Data entry,phone work and retail
:hot_pepper:
Type: Keystroke data entry
--to determine if quotas are met or employee is on task
:hot_pepper:
Type: phone work
--to determine customer satisfaction and proper use of phone resources
:hot_pepper:
Type:monitoring retail
--training,measuring (increasing productivity) and to reduce theft (eg. monitor transaction at cast register)
:cactus:Location
:deciduous_tree:
Type:location surveillance:Badges
--to replace worker keys or track down worker movement
:deciduous_tree:
Type:location surveillance:GPS tracking system
--to locate vehicles,employee driving speed and driving and driving habits-long haul tracker
:cactus:E-mail,Web surfing and voice mail
--system manager can excess anything on the system so employers can read anything on the email of employees,listen to voice-mail messages and read computer files.
Reasons for monitoring email,voicemail and computer files
:hibiscus:protect security of proprietary information and data
:hibiscus:prevent personal use of employer facilities
:hibiscus:check for violations of company policy against sending or pornographic email
:hibiscus:investigate complaints of harassment
:hibiscus:check for illegal software
Health Issue
Radiation
--exposure from computer terminals
Wrist problems(repetitive strain injury-RSI(carpal tunnel syndrome)
:!:frequent use of computer keyboards and other automated systems
:!:cause pain in the wrist,hand,arm,neck and shoulders
Solution-Ergonomic solution
