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Motor Skills progression: discuss the implications of mental fatigue on…
Motor Skills progression: discuss the implications of mental fatigue on motor learning/skill performance in football
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what is mental fatigue?
the research into this area has failed to identify a consistent physiological element of mental fatigue that causes decreased ability to perform therefore PAGEAUX AND LEPERS 2018 propose mental fatigue is a psychobiological state caused by prolonged cognitive activities
In experimental settings aiming to test the effects of cognitive fatigue on performance, mental fatigue can be induced using activities such as the stroop test used in MARTIN ET AL 2016
TREJO ET AL 2015 defined MF as "unwillingness of alert, motivated subjects to continue performing a mental task"
measures
BRUMS (shortened POMS)
Fatigue and vigour 2 factors of the scale - stops response bias by using a scale that has factors not relevant to the experiment
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Perception of effort
the literature consistently finds that with increased mental fatigue participants usually self report increased perception of effort
areas to investigate: self-efficacy, motivation (if intrinsically they are fatigued, what extrinsically may keep them going?), self-talk, effort-reward motivation balance, brehms motivational intensity theory
MARCORA STAIANO 2010 RPE correlated with shorter times to exhaustion: suggests that despite still having muscular capabilities to complete the task the participants disengage and lose the motivation to continue with the maximal power output
what are the implications for performance? how can this be tackled so it doesn't have an impact on motor learning IE. WHAT IS THE POINT IN THIS ESSAY WHY IS IT IMPORTANT?
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The study of MF effects on performance has implications for the structure of training sessions. One important component of training is overload, this can be split into two categories, internal (individual response ie. RPE) and external (physical output, ie. amount lifted) FARROW ROBERTSON 2017
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Neurological mechanisms
ACC & adenosine
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this is a problem of the methodology in this area: they're making conclusions about sport-related problems based off of MF induced by the stroop test
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Speed-accuracy trade off
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with increased MF the participants in ROZAND ET AL 2015 decreased their speed of movement, suggested by the researchers that the slow performance is the CNS attempting to maintain accuracy. interestingly this study also found that MF increased the duration of mental tasks more than physical. it was suggested that this was because of a lack of physical feedback that would usually be retained in the working memory as a guideline for motor planning.
despite not measuring it directly ROZAND ET AL 2015 proposes that the results collected are as a result of decreased activation in the ACC leading to a reduced ability to plan, action monitor and prepare responses. they used research from
the researcher suggests that because the effects of MF were observed throughout the duration of the experiment that MF must last for at least 15 mintues
NOT SURE IF I SHOULD INCLUDE THIS ONE? ROZAND ET AL 2016 used mental imagery of a task to induce MF, BRUMS revealed increased fatigue and decreased vigour after 100 imagined pointing tasks. Malouin 2013 mental imagery can cause MF
the afferent feedback from three physical trials 'calibrated' the imagined trial through storing in working memory, however the speed decreased as imagined trials continued. internal model theory
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this study was made up of 3 experimental conditions: a control which performed the physical task 3 times with a 15 minute rest between trials. experiment 1: physical task 3 times with 50 imagined between physical 1 and 2 and physical 2 and 3. experiment 2A 3 physical followed y 50 imagined then 3 more physical then 50 imagined then a final 3 physical. 2B same as 2B however the 50 imagined were split with a phsyical every 10 imagined.
POTENTIAL POINT AND LINK to OVERLOAD when it comes to motor learning monotonous practice can cause MF leading to a decrease in performance also implications for the use of Mental imagery, too much can be tireing and detrimental to performznce
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METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES
the studies rarely use sport specific MF inducing activities: this is a pitfall of research being generalisable to sport specific situations. how can the results of MF fatigue from a stroop test (STROOP 1992) be applied to the environment of a football game? quite specific to endurance exercise as it is a self-regulation task and the idea is that the task uses up the resources ahead of the exercise task
a more motor skill specific task is the draw a line between points task to test speed-accuracy trade off, this however is a closed skill and is far more basic than the demands of a training session
very small (around 10), majority male samples
practically it would take huge amounts of resources to increase sample sizes however the data would have higher statistical relevance with larger samples
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rating of mental fatigue are subjective and majority of the time researchers use general fatigue questionnaires that don't differentiate the two
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