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Areas and Volume - Coggle Diagram
Areas and Volume
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Area from Plans
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Irregular boundary
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Mathematics
*Simpson formula (better)
*Trapezoidal formula
*In case where the number of offsets is even, partly calculate using Simpson's and trapezoidal for the remaining offsets
Mechanical
Planimeter
*Mechanical instrument specifically designed to calculate irregular areas from plans and maps
Area from Cross Sections
Setting-out of roads,highways are normally done at regular intervals along the centre line
At the same time, RL of these points are determined; longitudinal section
RL of points that lie to the left and right of the centre line at right angle also observed; cross-sections
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Longitudinal sections sare used to dessign the vertical curves
Cross-sections serve as input to volume calculations
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