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CHAPTER 5 ( MOTIVATION ) - Coggle Diagram
CHAPTER 5 ( MOTIVATION )
definition
set of forces that causes people to behave in certain ways.
It is a psychological process that gives purpose and direction to behavior.
early views of motivation
traditional mode
Frederick Taylor and scientific management (wage incentives)
Human Resources Model
Elton Mayo (motivate employees by acknowledge their social needs)
Douglas McGregor
theory x
employees dislike work
avoid reponsibility
need to be directed
must be forced to work
theory y
employees want to work and can derive great deal of satisfaction from work.
seek responsibility
self-directed
need based model
maslow's hierarchy of needs
social/affiliation needs
esteem needs
safety/security needs
Self-Actualization needs
physiological needs
hertzberg's two-factor model
motivator factors (job content) - achievement, recognition, advancement, responsibility
hygiene factors (job context) - salary, job security, supervision, interpersonal relationship
process-based model
expectancy model
instrumentality (achieve task performance lead to various work outcomes)
performance
valence (importance that individual attaches to various work outcomes)
rewards
expectancy (effort followed by particular level of performance)
effort
equity model
referent comparison
self outside
other inside
self inside
other outside
adam's equity theory
inputs (time, effort, loyalty, commitment, integrity)
outputs (pay, bonus, benefits, security, praise)
maintaining equity
Change inputs
Change outcomes
Distort comparisons
Change the comparison
Quit the job
goal setting
S
pecific
M
easurable
T
ime related
A
chievable
R
esults oriented
reinforcement theory
increasing desired behavior
positive reinforcement
negative reinforcement
decreasing undesired behavior
extinction
punishment
using behavior modification
change one's own or someone's behavior
managers reward behavior employees that desirable and ignore behavior that is not