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community ecology, community ecology, Chapter 20, Chapter 20, chapter 21,…
community ecology
check list
count of species
resource
factor that leads to growth rates
prey dependent
functional response is dependent on prey density
mutualism
both benefit
maximum sustained yield
keep population density and species stable
fixed effort harvesting
amount of fish or deer harvested with effort
fixed quota harvest
hunters take a certain amount
optimal foraging theory
interactions between why herbivores eat the plants
optimal diet model
community
group @ same time and place
climax community
under goes succession & becomes a spruce fir forest again
community restoration
altering groups to a more natural state
diversity
one or more species
scale
larger and smaller areas
species area relationship
S=cAz
species abundance distribution
number of species in abundance
functional response
time needed to consume prey
time needed to find new prey
zero growth isocline
line with population stability
nurse plants
alter habitat immediately
community ecology
check list
count of species
resource
factor that leads to growth rates
prey dependent
functional response is dependent on prey density
mutualism
both benefit
maximum sustained yield
keep population density and species stable
fixed effort harvesting
amount of fish or deer harvested with effort
fixed quota harvest
hunters take a certain amount
optimal foraging theory
interactions between why herbivores eat the plants
optimal diet model
community
group @ same time and place
climax community
under goes succession & becomes a spruce fir forest again
community restoration
altering groups to a more natural state
diversity
one or more species
scale
larger and smaller areas
species area relationship
S=cAz
species abundance distribution
number of species in abundance
functional response
time needed to consume prey
time needed to find new prey
zero growth isocline
line with population stability
nurse plants
alter habitat immediately
Chapter 20
nonvascular plants
bryophytes
neither vascular tissue or seeds
mosses
all parts of the world and all enviroments
perennial
Water transport
hydroids
conduct water and dissolve minerals
leptiods
resemble sieve cells
the gametophyte generation
leafy liver warts
antheridiophore
umbrella shaped outer growth
males
air pores
not stomata
cannot be closed
no guard calls
capsule
upper cells grow by division
apical sporangium
vascular cryptogams
have vascular tissue but no seeds
spermatophytes
have vascular tissue and seeds
gametophores
leafy stems
rhizoids
base of the stem
anchor the stem
don't absorb water or minerals
no chloroplast and have red walls
..
thallose liverwarts
calyptra
layer of cells from the neck of archegonium
elaters
elongate cell with spring shaped walls
thallus
body with no roots stems and leaves
operculum
separates the from the rest as cells are being torn apart
Chapter 20
nonvascular plants
bryophytes
neither vascular tissue or seeds
mosses
all parts of the world and all enviroments
perennial
Water transport
hydroids
conduct water and dissolve minerals
leptiods
resemble sieve cells
the gametophyte generation
leafy liver warts
antheridiophore
umbrella shaped outer growth
males
air pores
not stomata
cannot be closed
no guard calls
capsule
upper cells grow by division
apical sporangium
vascular cryptogams
have vascular tissue but no seeds
spermatophytes
have vascular tissue and seeds
gametophores
leafy stems
rhizoids
base of the stem
anchor the stem
don't absorb water or minerals
no chloroplast and have red walls
..
thallose liverwarts
calyptra
layer of cells from the neck of archegonium
elaters
elongate cell with spring shaped walls
thallus
body with no roots stems and leaves
operculum
separates the from the rest as cells are being torn apart
chapter 21
horsetails
15 extant species
aka scouring rushes
rhyniophytes
fossils
no separate micro/megaspores
vascular cryptogams
ferns and fern allies
enations
outgrowths
lingophytes
woody plants
megaphylls
leaves that evoleved from branches
microphylls
lycophyta
protostele
solid mass of xylem with no pith
sorus
underside of the leaf
leaf gap
small segment of parenchyma
telome theory
megaphyll evolution
ligule
small flap of tissue
flowers & reproduction
anther
where pollen is produced
carpels
located at the highest level on the receptacle
cotyledons
leaf like structure in seed plants
endosperm
coenocytic and cellular tissue
gametophyte
plat that undergone mitosis and grew into a new haploid plant
hypocotyl
root/shoot junction
plasmogamy
karyogamy
fusion of nuclei
fusion of the protoplast of gametes
ovules
region of tissue that bear small structures
short stalked
pedicel
flower stalk
pollen tube
absorbs nutrients from stigma
grows downward toward ovary
sporophyte
diploids
life cycle
shrubs trees and herbs
zygote
fertilized egg
Populations and Ecosystems
population
individuals of the same species
community
all populations together
ecosystem
physical nonliving environment
habitat
conditions which the organism completes its life cycle
operational habitat
all components known and unknown are it habitat
abiotic
nonliving and physical
biotic
living factors
tolerance range
range between low and high extremes
Soil factors
pioneers
first plants to invade new soil
A horizon
upper most zone of leaching
B horizon
zone of deposition
C horizon
rock and rock fragments
mutualism
interaction beneficial for both organisms
competition
niche
set of conditions
competitive exclusion
chapter 22
manoxylic wood
soft spongy
large leaves
short shoots
in long shoots
produce long needle leaves
angiosperms
flowering plants
anthophytes
division anthophyta
gymnosperms
naked ovules
micropyle
hole in sperm cell
pollen chamber
holding area
proembryo
develop in embryo
spermatophytes
seed plants
suspensor
pushes cells deep in the megagametophyte
simple cones
pollen cones
Energy Metabolism
photosynthesis
environmental and internal factors
lack of O
Temp
internal regulation
fermentation
beer
wine
spirits
Respiration
Aerobic
Anaerobic
aka fermentation
no oxygen
uses oxygen
provide cell with ATP
Photo Respiraton
RuBP adds O rather than CO2
results in 1 molecule of 3-phosphoglycerte
Anaerobic
glycolysis
Aerobic
Citric Acid cycle
Heat generating
both glycolysis and CAC
pentose phosphate pathway
five carbon sugars
respiration of lipids
fatty acids
triglycerides
phospholipids
acetyl
B oxidation
Population Genetics and Evolution
population genetics
abundance of different alleles within a population
...
population concept of species
ranges of variation
gene pool
total # of alleles in all the sex cells
artificial selection
humans change the allele frequency of gene pool
Adaptive radiation
species rapidly diverges into many new species
over a short period of time
natural selection
survival of the fittest
factors not part of natural selection
purpopse
intention
planning
voluntary decision making
speciation
evolution of species
phyletic
gradually changes
divergent
some pop evolve into new second species
gene flow
alleles move physically through space
..
abiological reproductive barrier
nonliving feature that prevents populations from exchanging genes
geographic speciation
biological reproductive barrier
any biological phenomenon that prevents successful gene flow
sympatric speciation
prezygotic isolation mechanisms
pollination nor fertilization neither occur
hybrid sterility
inter breeding or artificially cross pollinated
produce viable seed
but seed is a sterile plant
photosynthesis
environmental and internal factors
lack of O
Temp
internal regulation
fermentation
beer
wine
spirits
Respiration
Aerobic
Anaerobic
aka fermentation
no oxygen
uses oxygen
Photo Respiraton
RuBP adds O rather than CO2
results in 1 molecule of 3-phosphoglycerte
Anaerobic
glycolysis
Aerobic
Citric Acid cycle
Heat generating
both glycolysis and CAC
pentose phosphate pathway
five carbon sugars
respiration of lipids
fatty acids
triglycerides
phospholipids
acetyl
B oxidation
