Digestive/Urinary System- Tiffany Silvas p.4
Major Functions
layers of the GI tract (including stomach)
Major Organs (Digestive/Urinary)
Location of Enzymes
digestion & absorption- the breakdown of food into small molecules, which are then absorbed into the body.
this system takes 7 processes ....
secretion= the process of digestive enzymes and other substances liquefies, adjusts the pH of, and chemically breaks down the food
mechanical digestion= the process of physically breaking down food into smaller pieces.
chemical digestion= the process of chemically breaking down food into simpler molecules.
absorption= the movement of molecules (by passive diffusion or active transport) from the digestive tract to adjacent blood and lymphatic vessels.
propulsion= is the movement of food along the digestive tract
ingestion= is the process of eating :
defecation= the process of eliminating undigested material through the anus
the large intestine- muscular tube that is about 5 feet long. It's divided into the cecum, colon, and rectum.
the pancreas- assists your small intestine by secreting pancreatic juice, a liquid filled with enzymes
the small intestine- muscular tube, (where food is digested) which is divided into three distinct parts: the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.
the stomach- muscular pouch, which receives food from your esophagus and sends it to your small intestine.
the liver- it produces bile, which the small intestine uses to help digest the fats in food. It also metabolizes proteins, carbohydrates, and fats; helps regulate blood-sugar levels; stores glycogen
the esophagus- muscular tube that connects your mouth to your stomach. As food is swallowed, your esophagus expands.
the gallbladder- a storage container for bile, a yellow-green fluid made up of salts, cholesterol, and lecithin.
the mouth- salivary amylase starts breaking down carbohydrates. Once the food is soft and relatively flexible, the tongue pushes it to the back of your mouth and swallows it down the esophagus.
urethra- the tube that carries urine from the bladder to outside of the body.
bladder- muscular sac in the pelvis, just above and behind the pubic bone. The bladder stores urine, allowing urination to be infrequent and controlled.
ureters- The ureter is a tube that carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder.
kidneys- remove wastes and extra fluid from your body.
Gastric glands (in the stomach)
Secretory cells(islets) in the pancreas
Salivary glands (located in the mouth)
Secretory glands in the small intestine
Locations of Macromolecules
Carbohydrates- broken down into simple sugars, proteins into amino acids, lipids into fatty acids and glycerol, and nucleic acids into nitrogen bases and sugars.
Chemical Digestion- takes place in the mouth and stomach, but most of it occurs in the first part of the small intestine (duodenum).
Underneath= submucosa
Next= muscularis propria
Innermost layer- mucosa
Last/outermost= the adventitia
Disorders
Hepatitis
Bartter syndrome
Urinary tract infection
Liver cancer
Renal system disease
Detached retina
Stomach cancer
Renal cell carcinoma