Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Botany Course Mind Maps, Transport Processes, Genetics Nature_Genetics #…

- - - - It has a pith which allows water
      - Dissolved minerals to be transported sideways to other cells
- - - - Water molecules interact strongly
      - movement of water through xylem
      - Movement based on water and solution
      - has cohesive and adhesive types
      - water also adheres firmly to soil particles
- - - - They are most often recessive
      - presence of lethal allele can be difficult to detect the effects
    - - alleles of both parents are transmitted equally
      - all gene in the nucleus go under bi parental inheritance
    - - Cells fail to undergo mitosis after S phase
      - Change in chromosomes numbers in plants by nondisjunction
- - - - Gene Pool
      - Domestic animals
      - change allele frequency
      - breeding of crop plants
    - - Size strikes earth
      - organisms cannot adapt
      - collision of large molecules
      - phenomena qualify as accidents
    - - alleles decreases frequency
      - genomes mutagenic factor
      - mutations occurs
      - depends in part of populations
    - - progeny
      - most significant factor
      - gene pool changes
      - produce offspring
      - Most adapted
    - - Clearly and accurately
      - no purpose and intension
      - plant have disease - resistance gene
      - fungus affects
- - - - reproduce vegetatively
      - species produce
    - - Dispersal mechanism
      - plants fall close
- - - - Periclinal wall
      - Fusiform initials
      - anticlinal wall
      - Long tapered cells
    - - Ray initials
        
        one continuous to be cambial ray initial
        
        Other give rise to secondary xylem or phloem
      - Short Cubodial
        
        Storage parenchyma cells
        
        albuminous cell in gymnosperm
  - - - Younger
      - Oldest
  - - - Ray initials
        
        Grouped together in short vertical rows
        
        Can be
        
        Multiseriate
        
        Many cells wide
        
        Uniseriate
        
        one cell wide
        
        Biseriate
        
        two cell wide
      - Fulsifrom initials
        
        regular horizontal rows
        
        storied cambium
        
        rare
        
        occur in few eudicots species
        
        tend to be door
        
        irregular
        
        non storied cambium
- - - - Have few or no fibers soft as well
      - Such as pines and red woods
    - - Contains large amount of fibers
      - Useful for constructions
- - - - numerous amount of chloroplast
      - Thin cell walls
        
        allows light and CO2 to pass through readily
      - Involve in photosynthesis
    - - Contain large amount of dictysomes and ER
      - Secretions Includes
        
        Nectar
        
        Fragnance
        
        Oil
        
        resins
        
        Mucilage
      - Metabolize Sugar and minerals
    - - Used for short distance transport
      - contains numerous molecular pumps
    - - May Create openings to release pollen and seeds
      - Form spaces to allow diffusion of gases within leaves
    - - increases surface Area
    - - inexpensive metabolically
  - - - found in areas where strength and flexibility is required
      - prevalent in wood of the most flowering plants
      - more flexible
    - - isodiometric
      - brtittle and inflexible
      - mass forms
        
        shells walnuts and coconuts
        
        "pits" or "stone" of cherries and peaches
- - - - Dead
      - The Xylem Vessels are hollow and are supported by the rings of lignin which makes them good for transporting water
  - - - Living
      - Composed of Sieve tubes companion cells and sieve plates
  - - - When open the stomata is described as Turgid
      - When closed the stomata is described as Flaccid
- - - - CO2 is a raw material needed to help make Glucose
    - - Carbon Fixation is controlled by enzymes. Enzymes work too slowly at low temperatures and become denatured at too high temperatures
    - - Light energy is an essential factor needed to split water into H &O
- - - - The Oxygen is released into the atmosphere via stroma
      - The Hydrogen and ATP are passed onto the second stage
- - - - immigrants carried by winds, animals, or survivors
      - distribution produce r condition
      - fire and flood destroys
      - reproduce quickly
    - - conditions crowded habitat
      - population close its carrying capacity
      - Phenotype is different
  - - - Adaptations to the abiotic and biotic components
      - ability of a plant species to spread
      - varies in geographical area
      - has its limiting factor
    - - Clumped and uniform distribution
      - large scale geographic distribution
      - random distribution
- - - - produce dense canopy
      - modifies habitants
      - may be beneficial or detrimental
    - - beneficial for both organism
      - interactions between plants
      - mutualism
    - - Either beneficial or detrimental
      - animals, fungi and prokaryotes
      - plants and animals relationship
  - - - plants cannot measure by photoperiod
      - many factors
      - at equator all days are 12 hrs long
      - sensitive to photoperiods
    - - Called pioneers
      - formed by breaking down of rocks
      - resulting soil is thin
      - thick soil has distinct soil profile
      - has A, B and C horizon
    - - Temperature, rainfall etc
      - critically important
      - most are restricted
    - - Has often radical changes in ecosystem
      - phenomena like fires, landslides, flood
      - produces a significants
- - - - Lies on the wall
      - Microspores develop into microgametophytes
      - migrates side of the pollen grains
      - sperm cells produced after stigma carried pollen
    - - megaspore develops into megagametophytes
      - nuclei migrates through cytoplasm
      - nucleus undergoes three mitotic division
- - - - Cause soil to release its nutrition
      - Complex polysaccharid
      - Lubricated passage of the Root
- - - - Lights
        
        Duration
        
        Direction
      - Water
      - Temperature
        
        Metabolism usually does not proceed a temperature above 1 degree to 7 degree C
        
        Temperature fluctuates in a predictable pattern
      - Pest and Damage
      - Touch
        
        Some of the Plants only produces when they touch with rigid object like wall or stone