Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Libertarianism and Market Critique Conceptual Map - Coggle Diagram
Libertarianism and Market Critique Conceptual Map
Free-market Philosophy (Robert Nozick)
Laws and forces of supply demand are free from any intervention by government.
Objections (1) to a Free Market :warning:
Unnecessary pressure leads people to unwanted choices
Economic necessity coerces people
E.g. Poor people are coerced to take riskier jobs like the military
Objection 2 :warning:
Insufficient information in contracts
People don't always understand the terms of contracts
Contracts are too long
Objection 3
:warning:
Unequal background conditions are unfair
The economically affluent are exempt from the military
Economic inequalities such as race and gender
Objection 4 :warning:
Certain goods/services will be degraded if comoditized
Competitive practices will not produce goods that are enjoyed by everyone
The free market does not secure the common good
For example, without a draft citizens are more likely to commit to collectively risky wars
Objection 5 :warning:
Higher goods or services lose value when sold on the market
There are some things money shouldn't buy
For example, human lives, commercial surrogacy
Selling certain goods/services corrupts the ends they serve
Commercial surrogacy views women's bodies as objects
Do we own ourselves?
Economic inequality in the U.S.
Robin Hood scenario :check:
Objection 1: High tax rates can reduce the incentive to work or invest :explode:
Lead to decline in productivity, which would lead to overall lower utility level
Reduced amount of money to redistribute back to the needy
Objection 2: Taxing the rich to help the poor is unjust :explode:
"Nothing is unfair about economic inequality, provided it arises without force or fraud" (pg.59).
Violates the liberty of those who earned their money
Self-Ownership
A person owns themselves and their labor and are entitled to the earnings of their labor
Example of Michael Jordan :green_cross:
Taxing Jordan overturns voluntary transactions and violates rights to his earnings
The Case for the Volunteer Army
Conscription is a form of slavery because it implies the state can force its citizens to fight in wars.
Objection 1: Fairness and Freedom :no_entry:
A voluntary military compels young people who may come from economic disadvantaged classes or areas to enlist because of the benefits
Young people are willing to give up their self-ownership and risk their lives in a voluntary military
Self-Ownership v. Taking
Self-Ownership means someone owns their person, labor and the fruits of their labor
Forms of Taking include slavery, forced labor and taxation
Libertarians favor a free market because of the fundamental right to liberty :star:
Minimal State
:
one that enforces contracts, protects private property from theft, and keeps the peace—is compatible with the libertarian theory of rights.
No Morals Legislation
Libertarians oppose using the coercive force of law to promote notions of virtue or to express the moral convictions of the majority.
everyone owns the right to choose their sexual partners for themselves.
No Redistribution of Income or Wealth
The libertarian theory of rights rules out any law that requires some people to help others, including taxation for redistribution of wealth.
No Paternalism
Libertarians oppose laws to protect people from harming themselves.
Seatbelt laws example：libertarians argue that such laws violate the right of the individual to decide what risks to assume
The libertarian philosophy does not map neatly onto the political spectrum.
libertarianism emerged earlier, in opposition to the welfare state
Friedrich A. Hayek argued that any attempt to bring about greater economic equality was bound to be coercive and destructive of a free society.
Milton Friedman argued that many widely accepted state activities are illegitimate infringements on individual freedom.
Occupational licensing requirements also wrongly interfere with freedom of choice.
Objection to Libertarianism
Objection 1: Taxation is not as bad as forced labor
:!:
Logic of Objection :check:
"You can always work less and pay lower tax" (p.66)
Force labor can't make the choice on how they want their working limit to be
Reply from Libertarian :red_cross:
"Why do I have to make that choice?" (p.66-67)
Why do people who enjoy luxury be charged more?
Example of losing either $1000 cash or a $1000 TV :green_cross:
At the same value, one offer a choice and one doesn't
Either way, the thief is doing wrong by stealing it
Objection 3: The riches owe a debt to those who contribute to their success
:!:
Logic of Objection:check:
Example of Micheal Jordan :green_cross:
Micheal Jordan is succesful thanks to the effort of the whole basketball team, not just himself
He should be thinking about other people's welfare
Reply from Libertarian :red_cross:
"These people have already been paid the market value of their service" (p.68)
Example of Micheal Jordan :green_cross:
Michael Jordan is paid higher, but it does not mean he's taking it away from his teammates. Though unequally, they are all paid.
The riches don't owe their success to any homeless people
Base on this logic of objection, why should they pay more in tax for those people?
Objection 4: As a citizen of a democracy, everyone has a voice in making the tax law to which they are subject
:!:
Logic of Objection :check:
People are taxed with consent
If they have any objection, they could use their rights to voice it
Reply from Libertarian :red_cross:
"Democratic consent is not enough" (p.68)
If the vote is not in your favor, IRS would still enforce the tax law against you
To be a citizen does not mean subjecting to every law, no matter how unjust they are
Objection 2: The poor need the money more
:!:
Logic of Objection :check:
The poor would benefit more from the money
Reply from Libertarian :red_cross:
Good reason to promote voluntary charity, not forcing it
Stealing is stealing, whether by force or through taxing
Example of kidney distribution :green_cross:
Do a patient who is in need of a healthy kidney has the right to own one of my two healthy kidney?
Do the States have the right to claim one of two healhty kidneys and distribute it to someone who needs it more?
Objection 5: Some people are lucky :!:
Logic of Objection :check:
Some people are lucky to be blessed with talents
He's not entittled to all the money made by his talent
It is pure luck to live in the society which honors your specific talent
It is also luck to live in the era which you talent is recognized
Reply from Libertarian :red_cross:
People acquire their talent through training and hard work
If they are not entittled to their talents, which is part of their identity, then who does? :question:
Is it right for the community to own their citizens? :question:
Example of pushing the heavy man off the bridge to block a runaway trolley. :green_cross: (p.69)
No matter how good the cause, the heavy man should be entitle to his life
Example of the 4 English Sailors :green_cross: (p.31-33)
Parker should be entitled to his life
Parker gets to decide whether he would like to sacrifice his life to save the other sailers
The other sailers don't get to judge on what to do with Parker
Nobody owns Parker's life but himself
No matter how unpopular the choice people make (prostitution, selling organs, cannibalism, suicide, etc.), people should be free to decide what they can do to their body. :star: