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Digestive System - Coggle Diagram
Digestive System
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Digestive Processes
- Ingestion: taking in of food through the mouth
- Propulsion & segmentation: Forward movement & mixing of food down GI tract
Peristalsis: Propulsion by contraction & relaxation of smooth muscles lining the alimentary canal
- Digestion: Process of breaking down larger food molecules into smaller molecules (MAJOR PROCESS)
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Consists of organs that are involved in the breaking down of food into molecules that can pass through the wall of the digestive tract & can be taken up by the cells
After broken down by Digestive, it can be taken by the cardiovascular
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Mucularis layer
- 2 layers of smooth muscles to allow peristalsis & segmentation
- Inner Circular layers: Squeeze, down size of lumen; in some areas act as sphincter or valves
- Outer Longitudinal layer: Shortens intestine
- Mouth, pharynx, superior esophagus, & anal sphincter- voluntary muscle
- Also external anal sphincter is skeletal muscle
- Myenteric Plexus: Nerves
Mouth
- Opening into oral cavity
- Oral Cavity: Area enclosed by the teeth & lips
- Mechanical digestion by the teeth by chewing
- Mixing of food with saliva by the tongue to make bolus(ball of food)
- Chemical digestion by saliva produced by salivary glands, digestion of starch begins
- Mucosa produces mucus to coat bolus for easier transport
- Initiation of deglution(swallowing)
- Tongue allows for sense of taste
- Immune function by the palatine tonsils
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Submucosa
- Areolar Connective tissue containing major blood vessels
- Many elastic fibers to retain shape
- Submucosal plexus: automatic nerve supply
- Glands & lymphatic tissue
Alimentary Canal
- Mouth to anus
- Passage for food
Pharaynx
- Oropharynx - located posteriorly to mouth; passage for food, water, & air
- Laryngopharynx - inferior to oropharynx; involved in deglution, forcing bolus from mouth to esophagus
Stomach
- Located: left to the abdominal cavity in the left hypochondriac region
- Food entersat the cardioesophageal Sphincter (prevents food or stomach acid from entering esophagus)
- Food empties into duodenum of small intestine at the pyloric sphincter
- Rugae: internal folds of stomach mucosa
- J-shaped, acts as storage tank for food
- Food mixes with gastric juice to make chyme
- Mechanical digestion by churning of stomach muscle
- Chemical digestion: breakdown of protein begins
Regions of stomach:
- Cardiac region: near heart
- Fundus: dome shaped, filled with gas
- Body: main portion
- Pylorus: funnel shaped end
- Pyloric Sphincter: controls food leaving stomach and entering small intestine