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Digestive and Urinary Systems Emerson Brown Period 4 - Coggle Diagram
Digestive and Urinary Systems Emerson Brown Period 4
Major Functions
Digestive
Breakdown of food and molecules
Absorption
Divided into two parts: Digestive Tract and Accessory Organs
Urinary
Eliminate Waste
regulate blood volume and blood pressure
control levels of electrolytes and metabolites
regulate blood pH
Major Organs
Digestive
Mouth
beginning of digestive tract
chews food into smaller pieces
Esophagus
long, thin, muscular tube
connects pharynx to stomach
Stomach
sac-like organ with strong walls
holds, mixes, and grinds food
makes acisa and enzymes to break down food
Small Intestine: absorption of materials and nutrients
Large Intestine: absorbes water and vitamins while converting food into waste
Anus: last part of the digestive tract
Liver: process the nutrients absorbed from the small intestine
Pancreas: produces hormones and insulin to help breakdown food
Gall Bladder: storage organ; holds bile produced in liver
Urinary
Kidneys
maintaining overall fluid balance
regulating and filtering materials from the blood
filtering waste
Renal Pelvis: funnel for urine flowing to the ureter
Ureters: carry urine and connect the kidneys to the bladder
Bladder: stores urine and controls urination
Urethra: carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body
Digestive Enzymes
4 different groups of molecules are encountered during digestion
Protease: proteins are broken down into amino acids
Lipases: lipids are broken down into fatty acids and glycerol
Nucleases: Nucleic acids are broken down into nucleotides
4.Amylases: break down starch.
Location of digestion and absorption of each macromolecule
Protein Digestion: occurs in the stomach and small intestine
Fat Digestion: begins in the mouth, passes through stomach and ends in the small intestine
Carbohydrate Digestion: occurs in the mouth and small intestine
Nucleic acid Digestion: small intestine
Layers of the G.I. tract
Mucosa (Innermost Layer)
Lamina Propria: A lining epithelium; glandular tissue, and am underlying layer of loose connective tissue
provides vascular support
contains mucosal glands
Products of digestion pass into these capillaries
Contains lymphoid follicles and plasma cells
double layer of smooth muscle: the muscularis mucosa for local movement of the mucosa
Submucosa
loose connective tissue
blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves
Mucous secreting glands
Muscularis propria
Two Layers
inner: circular
outer: longitudinal
Smooth muscle
Moves food down through the gut
Adventitia (outermost layer)
Loose connective tissue
Covered by the visceral peritoneum
Blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves
Nephron Anatomy and Physiology
Renal Cortex
space for arterioles and venules from renal artery and vein
perfuse nephrons of the kidney
Renal Medulla
interior portion of the kidney
filtration of waste and elimination of fluid
sends materials to bladder
Distal Convoluted Tubule
located in kidney's cortex
reabsorbs calcium, sodium, and chloride
regulates pH of urine
Nephron Loop
recovery of water and sodium chloride from the urine
Renal capsule
thin membranous sheath that covers the outer surface of each kidney
support the kidney mass
protect vital tissue
Collecting Duct
collects urine
moves urine to renal pelvis and ureters
Disorders
Digestive
Irritable Bowel syndrome
Celiac Disease
Hemorrhoids
Urinary
Urinary Tract Infections
Cancers of the Urinary Tract
Inability to control urine flow
Interstitial Cystitis
Kidney Stones
Kidney Failure