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Johne’s Disease in Cattle, Histopathological findings, Bacteriological…
Johne’s Disease in Cattle
Aetiology
Bacteria
Mycobacterium paratuberculosis
Pathophysiology
Oral ingestion
Bacteria taken up by M cells of the peyer patches in the ileum
Presentation of bacteria by M cells to macrophages and lymphocytes in Peyer’s patches
Inflammatory response of the immune system by recruitment of more macrophages and lymphocytes to site of infection
Giant cells formed by fusion of macrophages and with lymphocytes infiltrate infected tissues as part of
cell mediated immunity
Granulamatous thickening of intestine ( chronic granulomatous enteritis )
Increase permeability interfering with nutrient uptake
Malabsorption,protein losing enteropathy and decrease in milk yield
Phagocytosis by resident macrophage
Infection of macrophage and multiplication
Escape of bacteria from dying macrophages into the intestinal lumen
Shedding of bacteria into feces
Escape of bacteria from macrophage into the bloodstream
Bacteremia
Stimulate humoral immunity via antibody production
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Transmission
Oral exposure to feces
Ingestion of contaminated feed or water.
Nursing of infected dam ( via contaminated teats/milk consumption)
Clinical signs
Stage I and II
No clinical signs exhibited
Stage III
Drop in milk production
Rough hair coat
Anorexia despite normal appetite
Diarrhea
Stage IV
Lethargy
Cachexia
Ventral and intermandibular edema ( Bottle jaw)
Emaciation
Stages
Stage I ( Silent infection)
Stage II ( Subclinical disease )
Stage III ( Clinical disease)
Stage IV ( Advanced clinical disease)
Clinicopathological findings
Hemogram
Normocytic,normochromic anemia
Hemoconcentration ( Increased hematocrit )
Dehydration caused by diarhhea
Leukogram
Leukocytosis
Neutrophillic left shift
Lymphocytosis
Serum biochemistry
Hypoproteinemia
Protein losing enteropathy
Hyperproteinemia
Hyperglobinemia
Microscopic examination of Ziehl Neelsen
stained smears of feces
Reveals acid fast bacteria
Microscopic examination of Ziel Neelsen stained impression smears
Reveals abundant mycobacteria in lesions
Long incubation period (2-5 years)
Post mortem findings
Corrugated and thickened ileum
Enlarged and edematous mesenteric and other regional lymph nodes
Serous atrophy of fat ( loss of perirenal or pericardial fat)
Diagnosis
Clinical signs and history
Post mortem findings
Serology
Complement Fixation Test (CFT)
AGID
ELISA
Clinicopathological findings
Treatment
No satisfactory treatment known.
Prevention
Good sanitation and management practices
Birthing of calves in manure free areas
Herd replacements obtained from herds free of the disease, and tested before introduction to the new herd.
Routine testing program for adults ( ELISA)
Slaughter of cattle with strong positive
Histopathological findings
Granulamatous infiltration of intestinal villi
Accumulation of multinucleated giant cells and epitheloid macrophages in intestinal mucosa
Numerous intracellular acid fast bacilli of macrophages
Bacteriological examination
Fecal culture
Milk culture
Blood culture
Full thickness biopsy of ileum and regional lymph nodes
Histopathology
Jagathis Vanniar D16A0015
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