Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Transoceanic Interactions :star: - Coggle Diagram

- - - - This took many by surprise, because they succeeded and had control over all of the Indian Ocean trade and a new world area Brazil.
        
        Considering that Portugal was a small country, it was just amazing how they achieved their accomplishments. Their first gain of recognition was when they came out with such a large, and advanced ships
        
        Along with the Caravel and the Carrack. Portugal really had a thing for making great ships that outshined all the other european’s. With these ships, Vasco Da Gama, a portugal explorer found a way to india through sea routes only.
        
        Portugal established a fattoria there, plus in Gao, Malacca, and Macau, which became the most important ones. A Fatoria is a port used as a trade hub and a supply station for the Portugal.
        
        Even so, other merchants used these ports, so instead of punishing them, the Portugal created the Carty system to gain profit from merchants using their ports and routes.
        
        After this, they had complete control over the Indian Ocean, and to ensure their power, had 2 armadas patrol the Indian Ocean constantly. As said before, even with these great achievements, Portugal’s power was cut short when King Sebastian was killed in Morocco, without any heir in line to rule Portugal, leaving the country in a bad situation.
        
        1 more item...
  - - - asco Da Gama settle off in July 1497 and with the help of the Monsoon winds he could go south down the coast of Africa, then veering far out into the Atlantic and swinging back in an arc to arrive off the Southern African Coast.
        
        The expedition then rounded the Cape of Good and after sailing up the coast of East Africa, where he took an Arab navigator who helped him reach the Indian Coast. This happened in May 1498 at Calicut, this voyage launched the all-water route from Europe to Asia.
        
        When Da Gama returned to Portugal he was assigned another expedition that would result in securing a trading post at Calicut. He went back to India in 1502 and attacked every Arab Muslim ships he met on the way.
        
        He forced the ruler of Callicut to make peace. On his way back to Portugal, he established Portuguese trading posts in what is now Mozambique. Vasco was granted with many more privileges and revenues and continued to talk to the King of India. He was also nominated Portuguese viceroy in India.
  - - - Henry was neither a sailor, or a navigator, however he sponsored many exploratory sea voyages. In 1415, Henry’s ships reached the Canary Islands, which in fact has already been taken by Spain. In 1418, the people came upon the Madeira Islands and established a colony at Porto Santo.
        
        When this voyages/expeditions were going on the Europeans weren't aware of it because of the area past Cape Bojador, which is located on the west coast of africa and his is because of the superstition, it had kept them from going farther
        
        But it changed during Henry’s orders, Portuguese were now able to go beyond Bojador. They soon reached as far as the Rio de Oro. Henry was also credited furthering knowledge of geography, mapmaking, and navigation in Sagres, where his sponsored trips began.
        
        Henry is seen as the founder of the Atlantic Slave Trade.
        
        These two men captures several africans and brought them back to Portugal. One of the African negiotiated his own return to Africa, promisisng in exchange to provide the portuguese with more africans and that was how portugal was part of the slave trade.
        
        By the time Henry died, portuguese were already advanced. Explorers and traders had advanced as far as the region of modern day Sierra Leone.
- - - - Also, letting British go first could have ensured a safer arrival for Spain, because most of the Natives would be weak and would decrease in population from the new diseases.
        
        As for the benefits, they discovered a silver mountain in the territory that they took over, which not only was good for the world but also bad for Spain. Obtaining so much silver in such a short period, caused an influx of silver in Europe, this caused Spain to be in major debt and the decrease in value of silver overall. That mountain supplied more than 80% of the world’s supply! Not including the silver already existing in the money system
  - - - That didn’t stop Columbus, he went and did the mission. In 1492 he sailed the ocean and he found something better than India, and that something was a whole new continent.
        
        Although it is said that the Norse were there before Columbus had discovered,their settlements didn’t last, but Columbus did.Columbus brought back very good news to Europe and they were spread rapidly far and wide.
        
        This inspired the explorers and settlers who came after. This meant that without Christopher Columbus we wouldn’t be her today. The fact that because of Columbus many natives americans aren’t here today doesn’t exactly matter because back then everyone was fighting each other.
        
        The natives even told Christopher about other tribes riding and taking captives from them. Christopher Columbus’s voyages was an inspiration to many struggling people across Europe.
        
        It symbolizes freedom and new beginnings, with his discovery our grandparents and great grandparents had the chance to come here and have a better life and gave us a better life. This means that people need a hero like Columbus to remind us that our country was built on the struggles of immigrants.
        
        But you may ask about the struggles of Native people, the ones who were nearly wiped out, the ones that were forced to be in reservations, and how their descendants are suffering from poverty and discrimination
        
        1 more item...
  - - - The changes that follow will be equally extreme, meaning that the Columbian Exchange resulted in a lot of change for all involved and these changes had both positive and negative effects for the Native Americans, the cultures of Sub-Saharan Africans and Europeans.
        
        When 2 cultures interact for the first time cultural diffusion is felt most by the culture with the least developed collective knowledge base, in this case it would be the Native American Civilization. They were the ones who experienced far greater social and economic changes.
        
        Animals were an important part of this exchange. Horses didn’t exist in the americas prior to European exploration with this exchange, the Europeans introduced horses, pigs, sheep, goats, and chickens to the Americas.
        
        Some animals, like horses, were continued to be domesticated while others such as the wild pigs escaped and roamed wild in the new world often destroying agricultural crops. The horses were embraced because of the Plains Indians, this is because they domesticated them and used them to hunt buffalo herds more easily.
        
        Europeans brought plants to the new world like sugar, bananas, wheat, and coffee. All of this later became major sources of american trade goods. When they slave trade increased contact with Africa and the americas, africans introduced rice and yams to the Americas.
        
        In return, the Europeans and Africans gain access to new crops including corn, potatoes, cocoa, tomatoes, squash, pumpkins, and turkey. They also discovered sugarcane, which was growing in the tropics. Potato was a main food source for many European regions.
        
        1 more item...
- - - - In return, the Spanish conquistador would get gold and metal, or agricultural products from the native laborers, similar to the feudal system. This system was intended to be a way to enter into a peaceable and mutually beneficial relationship with the native people of America.
        
        This system eventually did more harm than good to the indegenous people. These people were dehumanized and reduced to slave status where they provided forced labor under brutal conditions, some to the point of death. They were denied basic rights and suffered from inequality. Even their land was taken from them and their family were broken, they were separated from each other.
- - - - These encomenderos thus also became hacendados and, even after the elimination of the encomienda system by the crown, the hacendados continued to recruit free labor to work on their estates, where crops like sugar, wheat, fruits, and vegetables were grown.
        
        At times, the term hacienda was more broadly used to refer to those ranch lands granted unto people in Latin America where animal agriculture was practiced and, even less frequently, those granted estates where manufacturing, mineral extraction, and other non-agricultural endeavors were engaged in.
- - - - The East India Company was a profit making enterprise so mighty, it once ruled nearly all of the Indan Subcontinent. It built a powerful corporation, they had their own complete army, their own territory, and a near total holden trade of a product
        
        In the 17th century, the subcontinent of India was known as the East Indies. This was the home of spices, fabrics,ad luxury goods. These luxury goods were given by wealthy Europeans. Because of the seafaring prowess, Spain and Portugal owned a monopoly on trade in the Far East. Britain wanted in, and when they seized the ships of the defeated Spanish Armada it paved the way for the monarchy to become a serious naval power.
        
        Between the 1600, a group of English businessmen asked ElizabethI for permission so they could voyage to the East Indies on behalf of the crown in exchange for a monopoly on trade. The merchants gave about 70,000 pounds of their own money to finance the venture.
        
        And here was where the East India Company was born. The company relied on a factory system. It left representatives behind to set up trading posts and allowed them to source and negotiate fro goods. Over the years, the corporation shifted its attention from pepper and other spices to calico and silk fabric and eventually tea
        
        It Expanded into the Persian Gulf, China and Asia. The royal charter of the East Indian Company had the ability to wage war and it was formed by military force to protect itself and fight enemies traders. However, in 1757, it seized control of the entire Mughal state of Bengal.
        
        Robert Clive began to collect taxes and customs, which were used to purchase Indian goods and export them to England. The company then had its victory and drove the French and Dutch out of the Indian Subcontinent.
        
        1 more item...