Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Chapter 13 Intelligent information systems (1) - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 13 Intelligent information systems (1)
Artificial intelligence (AI)
To achieve AI, computers must be able to:
-Understand common sense
-Understand facts and manipulate qualitative data
-Deal with exceptions and discontinuity
-Interact with humans in their own language
-Deal with new situations based on past learning
What is AI?
Related technologies trying to simulate and reproduce human thought and behaviour
AI supporting decision making
Computers used to do the following analyses:
-What is? (what happened in the past)
-What if? (what are possible outcomes based on inputs
Now extending to more intuitive questions:
-Why?
-What could we possibly do differently?
-How to fix it?
-When?
Applies to computers to fields that require:
-Knowledge
-Perception
-Reasoning
-Understanding
-Cognitive abilities
Expert systems
In a specific area where humans have solved problems in the past
E.g.
-Identifying illness
-Granting credit
Expert systems mimic human expertise
Uses of expert systems
-Information management
-Help desk management
-Employee performance evaluation
-Loan analysis
-Warehouse optimization
-Planning and scheduling
-The configuration of manufactured objects
-Financial decision making
-Process monitoring and control
-Supervise the operation of the plant and controller
-Airline scheduling and cargo schedules
Case-based reasoning
New problems solved by looking at previous solutions to similar problems
4 R's
-Retrieve past cases
-Reuse solutions
-Revise cases and solutions
-Retain new solution for future use
When to use expert systems
-Lots of human expertise needed
-Knowledge must be representable as rules
-Human must be able to perform tasks already
-Must be standardized issue with solutions
-Limited in scope (domain)
-Must involve many rules
-Shortage of human experts
Components of an expert system
Knowledge database:
-Similar to database
-Includes rules
Heuristic knowledge:
-Rules related to the problem
Knowledge acquisition facility:
-Incorporates new rules and knowledge
-Facilitates growth
Explanation facility:
-Explains answer to end-users
Robotics
Usually very specialized
Advantages:
-Not emotional
-Consistent
-Work in hazardous environments
-No HR issues
-Work 24/7
Good at repetitive tasks
Soft robotics:
-Not conventional hard materials
-Useful in certain fields, e.g. picking fruits, dealing with humans
Not intelligent