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The Reproductive System - Coggle Diagram
The Reproductive System
Major Functions Of The Reproductive System
Female
prepare for support of developing embryo during pregnancy
production of gamete (ovum or egg)
Male
produce & spread a large quantity of gamete (sperm)
produce sperm & deliver it to the egg
Sexual Reproduction
: involves a male and female; offspring is genetically different
Anatomy Of Male Reproductive Structures & Their Functions
External
scrotum
: holds the testes regulating the temperature for sperm viability
penis
: distal portion of urethra passes delivering urine to exterior; delivers semen into female reproductive tract
Internal
testes
: primary sex organ; sperm-producing factory
epididymis
: mature & store sperm cells (20 days at least)
vas deferens (ductus deferens)
: carries sperm from the epididymis - the ejaculatory duct
urethra
: carries sperm and urine
prostate gland
: secretes milky fluid that helps activate sperm
bulbourethral gland (cowper's gland): secretes an alkaline mucus; lubricates penis for penetration before ejaculation
seminal vesicle
: produces a thick, alkaline, & yellowish secretion containing fructose (sugar), vitamin c, & substances that nourish/ activate the sperm
Hormones Of The Reproductive System
Female
progesterone
: suppression of the hypothalamus from released GnRH; stimulates development & growth lining uterine walls for implantation, etc.
estrogen
: primary sex hormone released by follicle in ovary; stimulates growth of uterus & vaginal necessary for ovum maturation
Male
testosterone
: stimulates reproductive organ development & sex drive
leutinizing hormone (LH)
female
triggers the ovulation of the most mature follicle
male
stimulates seminiferous tubules to secrete testosterone
follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
female
stimulates development & maturation of primary follicle into secondary follicle
male
stimulates sertoli cells for sperm production, maturation, &inhibin
gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)
female & male
released by hypothalamus to stimulate anterior pituitary gland to release LH & FSH
inhibin
female
decrease release of FSH by anterior pituitary gland
male
released by testes when there is high levels of testosterone..; stoping production of LH & FSH
Disorders Of The Reproductive System
prostate cancer
: 2nd most common cancer among men
down syndrome (trisomy 21)
: incorrect # of chromosomes; extra chromosome #21
Events Of The Female Hormonal Cycle (3)
Uterine Cycle
menstruation (day 1-5)
: decline of estrogen & progesterone = cells become ischemic, die, & shed through bleeding
proliferative phase (day 6-14)
: estrogen stimulates growth in endometrium = double in thickness allowing ovulated eggs to be caught
secretory phase (day 15-28)
: rising levels of progesterone by corpus luteum = the uterus ready for pregnancy; uterine glands enlarge & secrete nutrients to sustain the embryo until implantation occurs
Ovarian Cycle
ovulation (day 14)
: spike increase in LH by the increase in estrogen stimulating the pituitary gland; graafian follicle releases the oocyte
luteal phase (day 15-28)
: follicle expels the oocyte; absence of pregnancy = corpus luteum becomes corpus albicans = decrease in progesterone & estrogen; pregnancy = corpus luteum continues secreting progesterone & estrogen
follicular phase (day 1-14)
: beginning of menstruation - ovulation; FSH and follicular cells = primary follicle; follicular cells secrete estrogen = secondary follicle
Anatomy Of Female Reproductive Structures & Their Functions
Internal
hymen
: partially closes the vaginal opening allowed for vaginal secretion to pass the outside
vagina
: serves as birth canal; receives penis during sexual intercourse
uterus
: receives, retains, and nourishes a fertilized egg
cervix
: extends into the vagina or opening into the uterus
fundus
: uterine tube enters
uterine (fallopian) tube
: receives the ovulated oocyte providing a site for fertilization to occur
fimbriae
: finger-like projections that receive the oocyte from the ovary
ovaries
: primary sex organ; houses developing gamete
External
mons pubis
: fatty pad over the pubic symphysis
labia
: skin folding around the vaginal opening
labia majora
: outer fold
labia minora
: inner fold
clitoris
: corresponds to the male penis
vestibule
: opening to urethra, greater vestibular gland, or bartholin's gland (produces mucus)
mammary gland
: in both sexes; produces milk (lactation)