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TOPIC 9 Human Motivation 1: Theories of Motivation and Affect - Coggle…
TOPIC 9
Human Motivation 1: Theories of Motivation and Affect
Diversity in Intrinsic Motivation
• Diversity in Intrinsic Motivation
– Elementary classrooms are more nurturing
– Secondary students are less intrinsically motivated
• Diversity in Students’ Need to Feel Accepted
• Diversity in Students’ Need to Feel Autonomous
• Humanistic theories
– Maslow
– Roger
Limitations for Maslow’s theory
• Lack of rigorous scientific methods
• Maslow’s basic assumptions have been criticized
• Lack of research evidence to support the theory
Carl Rogers-Unconditional positive regard
• Need for unconditional positive regard
– Acceptance and support if a person regardless what he/she says or does
• Basic human need necessary for self-actualization
• Example: A teacher who encourages and accepts all students’ comments and answers to questions and communicates
clearly that making mistakes is an opportunity to learn is demonstrating unconditional positive regard
Arousal, Anxiety, and Performance
• Arousal: psychological and physical condition that needed for an individual to react/response
• Anxiety: negative affective state (feeling of fear/apprehension)
– facilitative anxiety versus debilitating anxiety
Sources of anxiety
School transitions
Math anxiety
Test anxiety
Affect in the Classroom
• Positive affect effects:
– Activate mental schemas
– Make meaningful associations
– Consolidate long-term memories
– Become more creative and flexible during problem solving
– Take more risks
– Display more prosocial behaviors
• Negative affects
– Subsumes a variety of negative emotions, including anger, contempt, disgust, guilt, fear and nervousness
– Inhibits learning and memory
– May influence students to distance themselves socially and lead to low life satisfaction
– May influence students to distance themselves
socially and lead to low life satisfaction
Affect and cognition
• There is strong relation between affect and cognition
• Motivated learning:
– People become emotionally biased in thinking when they
have strong emotional stake in an issue
(related to flaw of thinking: confirmation bias etc.)
• Hot cognition:
– Emotion is certainly implicated/influenced cognitive processes