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作業的20個利弊, 25 三丁 蘇郁欣 - Coggle Diagram
作業的20個利弊
好處
3.它教授時間管理技能。
這將產生獨立的思考並發展解決問題的能力。它鼓勵研究技能。它還使父母和孩子處於必須培養積極的決策技巧的位置。
This creates independent thinking and develops problem-solving skills. It encourages research skills. It also puts parents and children into a position where positive decision-making skills must be developed.
4.作業會建立一個交流網絡。
家庭作業是一座橋樑，打開了學校，老師和父母之間的溝通渠道。這使每個人都能更好地了解彼此。它可以幫助老師更好地了解學生的需求。
Homework is a bridge that opens lines of communication between the school, the teacher, and the parent. This allows everyone to get to know one another better. It helps teachers understand the needs of their students better.
6.它提供了更多的時間來完成學習過程。
通過創建解決這些不足的特定作業，可以抵消時間緊迫的影響。隨著時間的推移，這可以使學生受益匪淺。
By creating specific homework assignments which address these deficiencies, it becomes possible to counter the effects of the time shortages. That can benefit students greatly over time.
7.減少屏幕時間。
它不鼓勵將時間浪費在電視機前或在移動設備上玩遊戲。反過來，這可能會阻止形成分散注意力的習慣，這些習慣將來可能會脫離學習過程。
Homework might be unwanted and disliked, but it does encourage better study habits. It discourages time being spent in front of the television or playing games on a mobile device. That, in turn, may discourage distracting habits from forming that can take away from the learning process in the future.
8.可以像其他任何課外活動一樣對待它。
另外一個好處是，一些作業甚至可以在往返某些活動的途中完成。
As an added benefit, some homework can even be completed on the way to or from some activities.
1.它鼓勵實踐紀律。
一遍又一遍地重複同樣的問題可能很無聊而且很困難，但同時也加強了紀律性。為了提高技能，經常需要重複。您每次重複都會變得更好。通過每天晚上完成作業，尤其是在遇到困難的主題時，這些概念變得更容易理解。在以後的職業生涯中，這為學生提供了生活上的優勢。
- It encourages the discipline of practice.
Repeating the same problems over and over can be boring and difficult, but it also reinforces the practice of discipline. To get better at a skill, repetition is often necessary. You get better with each repetition. By having homework completed every night, especially with a difficult subject, the concepts become easier to understand. That gives the student an advantage later on in life when seeking a vocational career.
5.它提供了一個舒適的學習場所。
多年來，教室已發展成為一個溫暖宜人的環境，但沒有什麼比在家中或在安全的空間中感到舒適。通過鼓勵孩子感到最舒適的學習，可以保留可能在標準教室環境中丟失的其他信息。
- It allows for a comfortable place to study.
Classrooms have evolved over the years to be a warmer and welcoming environment, but there is nothing like the comfort that is felt at home or in a safe space. By encouraging studies where a child feels the most comfortable, it is possible to retain additional information that may get lost within the standard classroom environment.
2.它使父母參與孩子的生活。
父母對通用核心數學的了解可能會有些困惑。如果您將5×3的數學問題表示為加法問題，則5 + 5 + 5似乎是正確的答案。但是正確的答案應該是3 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 3。通過做功課，學生可以與父母一起進行學習，因此每個人都可以參與其中。許多父母實際上希望發送家庭作業，以便他們可以看到他們的孩子在教室裡正在教什麼。
- It gets parents involved with a child’s life.
Looking at Common Core math can be somewhat bewildering to parents. If you see the math problem 5×3 expressed as an addition problem, 5+5+5 seems like the right answer. The correct answer, however, would be 3+3+3+3+3. By bringing homework to do, students can engage their learning process with their parents so everyone can be involved. Many parents actually want homework sent so they can see what their children are being taught in the classroom.
壞處
1.兒童從遊戲中受益。
在教室裡可以是一件好事，但在操場上也可以。家庭作業過多，孩子沒有足夠的時間玩耍，這會影響他們的學習和社會發展。玩耍水平低會與較低的學業成績，較低的安全意識，較少的性格發展和較低的整體健康相關。
- Children benefit from playing.
Being in a classroom can be a good thing, but so can being on a playground. With too much homework, a child doesn’t have enough time to play and that can impact their learning and social development. Low levels of play are associated with lower academic achievement levels, lower safety awareness, less character development, and lower overall health.
3.並非每個家庭都是一個有利的環境。
有些房屋對孩子的投資很高。父母可能會參與家庭作業的每個階段，或者可能有可以解釋困難概念的導師接觸。在其他家庭中，對孩子的教育投資可能很少或沒有。一些父母把教書的責任推給老師，根本不提供家庭作業支持。
- Not every home is a beneficial environment.
There are some homes that are highly invested into their children. Parents may be involved in every stage of homework or there may be access to tutors that can explain difficult concepts. In other homes, there may be little or no education investment into the child. Some parents push the responsibility of teaching off on the teacher and provide no homework support at all.
4.學校已經是孩子們的全職工作。
小學一天的開始時間可能是9:00 am，然後是3:20 pm。每天5歲的孩子每天都要花超過6個小時的工作時間。加上學校鼓勵的課外活動，例如體育，音樂劇和課後節目安排，學生平均每天可以輕鬆地接受8小時的教育。然後在上面添加作業？任何孩子，特別是年幼的孩子，要完成額外的家庭作業都要求很高。4. School is already a full-time job for kids.
An elementary school day might start at 9:00am and end at 3:20pm. That’s more than 6 hours of work that kids as young as 5 are putting into their education every day. Add in the extra-curricular activities that schools encourage, such as sports, musicals, and after-school programming and a student can easily reach 8 hours of education in the average day. Then add homework on top of that? It is asking a lot for any child, but especially young children, to complete extra homework.
5.沒有證據表明家庭作業可以帶來進步。
一項又一項的調查發現，家庭作業唯一要做的就是在總體上對學校教育產生消極態度。在全國范圍內，家庭作業與更高水平的學術成就無關。如果他們可以與知識淵博的導師或父母接觸，則可能會幫助某些與某些科目打交道的學生，但在社區一級，沒有證據表明有所改善。
- There is no evidence that homework creates improvements.
Survey after survey has found that the only thing that homework does is create a negative attitude toward schooling and education in general. Homework is not associated with a higher level of academic achievement on a national scale. It may help some students who struggle with certain subjects, if they have access to a knowledgeable tutor or parent, but on a community level, there is no evidence that shows improvements are gained.
6.阻礙創造性的努力。
如果學生每天要花1個小時做功課，那麼這就是一個小時，他們沒有在花費對他們來說很重要的事情。學生可能喜歡玩視頻遊戲或看電視，但是家庭作業要花時間去學習樂器，繪畫或發展攝影技能。儘管有些家庭作業可能涉及創造力，但這通常不是這種情況。
- It discourages creative endeavors.
If a student is spending 1 hour each day on homework, that’s an hour they are not spending pursuing something that is important to them. Students might like to play video games or watch TV, but homework takes time away from learning an instrument, painting, or developing photography skills as well. Although some homework can involve creative skills, that usually isn’t the case.
7.家庭作業很難執行。
有些學生只是不在乎家庭作業。他們可以不這樣做就獲得足夠的成績，因此他們選擇不這樣做。父母或老師所創造的動機不會激發某些學生參與家庭作業。不可否認的是，家庭作業需要一定的努力。有時，一個孩子只是不想付出這種努力。7. Homework is difficult to enforce.
Some students just don’t care about homework. They can achieve adequate grades without doing it, so they choose not to do it. There is no level of motivation that a parent or teacher can create that inspires some students to get involved with homework. There is no denying the fact that homework requires a certain amount of effort. Sometimes a child just doesn’t want to put in that effort.
8.額外的上學時間並不等於更高的成績。
與世界上表現良好的國家相比，美國的學生已經在學校花費了100多個小時的額外時間，但這並沒有彌合這些國家與美國之間的教育差距。在某些教育領域，儘管學生在學校花費了額外的時間，但美國在全球排名中甚至排名下降。當涉及到家庭作業或任何其他形式的學習時，質量比數量重要得多。
- Extra time in school does not equate to better grades.
Students in the US spend more than 100 hours of extra time in school already compared to high-performing countries around the world, but that has not closed the educational gap between those countries and the United States. In some educational areas, the US is even falling in global rankings despite the extra time that students are spending in school. When it comes to homework or any other form of learning, quality is much more important than quantity.
2.它鼓勵久坐的生活方式。
長時間的家庭作業需要長時間的就座。久坐的生活方式與兒童成年後的過早死亡有許多直接聯繫。在許多社區，肥胖水平已經達到或接近創紀錄的高位。家庭作業可能會增強某些技能並鼓勵知識的保留，但代價可能很高。
- It encourages a sedentary lifestyle.
Long homework assignments require long periods of sitting. A sedentary lifestyle has numerous direct associations with premature death as children age into adults. Obesity levels are already at or near record highs in many communities. Homework may reinforce certain skills and encourage knowledge retention, but it may come at a high price.
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