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Unit 5: Revolutions - Coggle Diagram
Unit 5: Revolutions
Technology
Steam Engine : allowed factories to be built anywhere not just near water as it was powered by steam and coal rather than pressure of water
Steamships: allowed ships to go in any direction (up and down stream) easily despite wind currents --> increased trade between nations
Locomotives: exported/imported large amounts of goods back and forth across land fast and efficiently. Also a means of transportation that facilitated migration of people from east to west and vice versa
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Trans-Siberian Railroad: stretched from Moscow to Pacific Ocean and increased trade between Russia and China
Steel: used as a building block as it was stronger than iron --> Bessemer Process allowed for mass quantities to be produced efficiently
Telegraph: electric current pulses which delivered messages (morse code) --> led to better and increased communication with people
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Enlightenment
Empiricism: philosophy that reality is perceived through the senses of hear, sight, touch, etc and has to be proven real
Deism: belief that god created the beginning of the world and set the natural laws but is not involved in human history
Two Treatises on Gov't: humans are born with natural rights and there is a Social Contract between the people and the government as the people give up some rights in order for gov't to protect the natural rights
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Rise of women movement: fighting for gender equality--> Ex: Vindication of Rights by Mary Wollstonecraft
Abolition of Slavery and Serfdom: US banned slavery in 1808 and 23 million serfs were emancipated in Russia
Laissez-Faire Capitalism: gov't should not engage in the market as it will fix itself and automatically solve problems over time
Criticism
John Stuart Mill: believed that individual actions should benefit society as a whole rather than just individuals --> introduced utilitarianism
Karl Marx: belief in communism where social classes don't exist and wealth is distributed equally amongst workers
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Society
Middle Class
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Rise of Consumer Culture as middle class were able to afford goods and had better access to education as they had more wealth and factories were producing a lot
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Working Class
lived in tenements: no indoor plumbing or ventilation and very cramped --> people dumped feces out into the streets, contaminating water leading to spread of diseases such as cholera
Distanced family members as they worked long hours separate from each other and there was less communication
Poor working conditions: frequent contact with dangerous machines without protection and long working hours with low pay
Creation of Labor Union: to fight for improvements in their working conditions including conditions for children and reforms such as voting rights
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Rebellions/Resistance
Before Industrialization
New Zealand: Maoris (Natives) fought against British as resistance against the annexation and tried to kick them out of but rebellion got crushed
French Revolution: people's fight to limit monarchical power as they failed to represent the majority of the population correctly through Estates General --> Reign of Terror: beheading of King Louis XV
Haitian Revolution: led by L'Overture: slave revolt against the French settlers/owners --> first successful slave revolt which inspired other slave revolts
Latin American Revolution: led by Simone Bolivar: resistance from Creoles as they were losing profit, land, and high authority positions to the Europeans born in Europe --> wanted equality within gov't
During Industrialization
Ottomans: known as the "Sick Man of Europe" as they failed to industrialize due to weak leadership until Muhammad Ali came into rule and roads were built, etc
Tanzimat Reforms:continued reforms that got rid of corruption, inequality, and secular school
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Japan: initially unwilling to open borders to trade with Europeans until they realized the only way to protect their culture was by industrializing
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