History - The study of the past
Cause of the industrial revolution
rise of the british empire
Establishment of the earliest British colonies in the 1600s
A series of wars faugt between the european powers in the 28th century, becoming a dominant imperial power
the colonies claimed territory
Britians coal supplies
Coal was vital for steam engines and steam power
no other european power had this at the time
they had large supplies
DEVELOPMENTS in AGRICULTURE
The enclosures
areas of common land which had been previously worked by small groups of farmers were then put into the hands of private landowners. these smaller areas of land were joined together to create larger farms
they were enclosed by hedges or stone walls
local farmers could no longer graze their animals on farm or land
other land was also enclosed, and by 1970 3/4 of all farming land in Britian was enclosed by wealthy landlords who then rented this land to tenant farmers
social unrest - poor people were forced off land they farmed free of charge for generations
they flooded cities and became part of the new industrial working classes, while others sought new lives abroad
Living conditions during the Industrial Revolution
Living Conditions
The feudal system was strict and one was either or poor or noble
from 1750, the middle class emerged
social hierachy
aristocracy - royals who were often landowners and lived off rental income
midel class - included factory owners, doctors, laywers with generous incomes who were able to establish their homes on the outskirts of towns an cities
working class - lived closer to factories in slum areas with poor sanitation. average life expectancy was 29 years. crime was widespread. birth rates were low, but the population grew.
Aristocracy living conditions
birth mattered more than iincome
some lords have large country houses
members of the aristrocracy had dominated all levels of government
girls had schooling and then preperation on marriage
boys had schooling and then were presented a governess and nannies
living conditions for the middle class
middle class people aspired to join the upper class, buissnessmen would socialise with the aritrocracy
Working Conditions
Britian's dark satanic mills
the proportion of people in britian working in manufacturing in 1801 was estimated at 40%
by 1871, this had risen to 60%
those who worked in factories struggled to survive on low wages and were forced to work in harsh conditions
owners operated withought any government regulation
factory and mine owners cut corners with saftey and conditions, including:
enforcing long working hours
WWI
MAINS
Imperialism
Nationalism
Alliance System
Spark
Militarism
Nationalism is the love in one's country or nation
it can unite or divide countries and its people
Imperialism is where one country or nation invades another to create an empire
an alliance is a bond between two or more countries, where they will help each other if under threat or in battle
the belief that a country or nation should build and maintain strong armed forces
the assassination of Archduke Frans Frerdinand, Archduke of the Austro-Hungarian empire
Revolutions in WWI
Trenches
Commiunications
Gas
War at Sea
Guns and Artillery
Aircraft
Tanks
Tanks were a revolutionary idea in WWI,
Source Ananlisis
Treaty of versailles
An agreement between two sides to stop fighting
the treaty dealt with germany, and was signed on the 28th June, 1919
created formal peace with Germany and the Tripple Entente
Purpose