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40 years old female is seeking for the best contraceptive methods to avoid…
40 years old female is seeking for the best contraceptive methods to avoid pregnancy
Anatomy of reproductive system
Male
Testes
a series of ducts
The paired epididymides
vasa deferens
ejaculatory ducts
the urethra
penis
Female
Ovaries
Fallopian tubes
Uterus
Vagina
External Genitalia
Mammary glands
Physiology of reproductive system
Male
Testes
the male reproductive organs. They produce both sperm and androgens, such as testosterone, and are active throughout the reproductive lifespan of the male.
A series of ducts
Penis
the male organ used in sexual intercourse
ejaculatory ducts
are located within the prostate gland and eventually open into the urethra
The paired epididymides
Sperm cells develop inside the epididymis, which houses them for 18 hours to 10 days until they become motile and are ready to fertilize a female egg
vasa deferens
a narrow muscular tube that begins at the lower end of the epididymis and passes upward along the medial side of a testis to enter the pelvic cavity
the urethra
the tube that carries urine from the bladder to outside of the body.In males, it has the additional function of ejaculating semen when the man reaches orgasm.
Female
External Genitalia
the tube that carries urine from the bladder to outside of the body.
Uterus
Nurturing the fertilized ovum that develops into the fetus and holding it till the baby is mature enough for birth
Ovaries
The female gonads, the ovaries produce ova. When one matures, it is released down into a fallopian tube.
Fallopian tubes
These small tubes transport ova from the ovaries to the uterus. This is where an egg waits to be fertilized.
Vagina
his muscular tube receives the penis during intercourse and through it a baby leaves the uterus during childbirth
Mammary glands
the organs of milk production and are located within the female breast. The secretion of lobes are conveyed through lactiferous ducts, which converge on and open at the nipple. Milk contain lactose, fatty acids, mineral, and proteins
Events of ovarian cycle
menstruation
the elimination of the thickened lining of the uterus (endometrium) from the body through the vagina
the follicular phase
starts on the first day of menstruation and ends with ovulation. Prompted by the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland releases follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
ovulation
the release of a mature egg from the surface of the ovary. This usually occurs mid-cycle, around two weeks or so before menstruation starts.
the luteal phase.
the follicle transforms into a structure known as the corpus luteum. This structure starts releasing progesterone, along with small amounts of oestrogen. This combination of hormones maintains the thickened lining of the uterus, waiting for a fertilised egg to stick (implant).
Major contraceptive methods
The Condom
Function
the only form of contraception that protects against most STIs as well as preventing pregnancy
Effectiveness
Side effects
Allergies, Tear or come off during intercourse
The Oral Contraceptive Pill
Effectiveness
Highly effective when used correctly
contains estrogen and progestin
Intrauterine Device (IUD)
contain hormones that are gradually released to prevent pregnancy. The IUD can also be an effective emergency contraception
The Contraceptive Implant
placed under the skin in a woman’s upper arm, releasing a form of the hormone progesterone.
The Contraceptive Injection
contains a synthetic version of the hormone progestogen. It doesn't protect against STIs
Emergency Contraception Pill
can be used to prevent pregnancy after sex if contraception wasn’t used, a condom has broken during sex
Contraceptive Ring
a flexible plastic ring constantly releasing hormones that is placed in the vagina by the woman
Diaphragm
A diaphragm is a small, soft silicon dome is placed inside the vagina to stop sperm from entering the uterus. It forms a physical barrier between the man's sperm and the woman's egg, like a condom.
Sterilisation
the process of completely taking away the body’s ability to reproduce
Best options
IUD
Sterilization
progestin implant
Worst options
oral birth control
contraceptive implants
Factors
Middle age couple
Monopause
Higher risk of diseases