Ali had been a leader who was able to gain power during a time of conflict. he was able to defeat the mamluk leaders while losing mecca and medina causing him to attempt to gain them. he introduced his army to a European model, established schools, and taxed peasants at a high rate. He pushed for Egypt to industrialize. Selim a reformist had attempted to reform the ottoman government however the janissaries had resisted their corps. Mahmud II had abolished the corps of Janissaries who had developed a new artillery unit. Tanimat(reorganization)-sultans codified ottoman laws and created new ones, hatt-i Humayun updated legal system. Ottoman had lossed Greece,slowly edypt and algiers. After the napoleonic war, prices for food and other crops declined. men had benefited off the legal reform as they were able to steal the rights of women who were able to hold money, gain from an inheritance, and to receive some education. basically they were weakening because of their failure to modernize and etc. They couldn't handle the hear and allowed for people to take their lands