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extraction of rocks (mining steps) - Coggle Diagram
extraction of rocks (mining steps)
1) serching for mines
remote sensing
photographs are taken from satelites or planes to analize a big peace of land (colors of the earth)
bellow the surface
satellites take termical images to identify underground deposits
prospecting
look carefully in the surface (surface deposits)
geographics
vibrationwaves are send to the ground, they reboung in some minerals (reception waves depend on the type of mineral)
2) Factors affecting the viabillity of extraction
quality of mineral
bad mineral =
not worthy cost of exploration
size of deposit
small= not wothy
cost of exploration
is it worthy?
transportation
difficult acces, roads need to be built
strike rate
how godod is the mineral deposit
supply and demand
How expensive the mineral is and the chances of selling it
3)impacts
economic
employment
taxes from the goverment
machinery allows miners to be safer
improvement in tecnology are promoted
economy/capital moves
exporting
social
water, soil, sound and visual pollution
an unheathy and dangerous job
chemicaly and dusty air is dangerous for health
people is disturbed
employment
environmental
amount of biodiversity declines
sound pollution
waste and pollution of soil, water and air
chemicals in water produce biomagnification, and kils animals
we breack the food chain
dust in air
loos of habitat
environment impact assesment (to evaluate if the exploration is worth it
4)sustainable mining and and use of rocks and material
eficent use and recycling (safe managment of waste)
safe disposal of mining waste (safe managment of waste
eficenci of extraction (remove only as much land as is needed)
companies are obligated to restore as much as posible the environment
clean water
cleaning up
filling the holes
adding organic matter to restore soil
plant trees