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A healthy, happily married couple in their early 40s has sought your…

- - - - Occurs on day 14 of 28-day cycle
        
        Usually only one ovary ovulates each month
        
        Induced with peak in LH secretion
        
        Antrum increases in size and swelling
        
        Expands until ovarian surface thins
        Eventually ruptures, expelling secondary oocyte
  - - - No more ovarian follicles remain or follicle maturation stops
        
        Significant amounts of progesterone and estrogen no longer secreted
        
        Uterine lining no longer growing
        No further menstrual periods
  - - - 20 primordial follicles stimulated to mature by LH and FSH
        
        Few primary follicles maturing into secondary follicles
        
        Usually only one matures to vesicular follicle
        
        Volume of fluid increases within follicle antrum
        Oocyte forced to one side of follicle
        
        Primary oocyte in follicle finishes meiosis I and forms two cells
        
        One, polar body: Nonfunctional; minimal cytoplasm and regresses
        
        1 more item...
- - - - prevent sperm from reaching uterine tubes
        
        Condoms, spermicidal gels, diaphragms
    - - Flexible plastic structures inserted into uterus
        
        Copper or synthetic progesterone to help prevent implantation
    - - pull out before ejaculation; high failure rate
    - - Prevent LH spike and ovulation
    - - avoid sex during ovulation time
    - - inhibit ovulation
        
        Taken within 72 hours of unprotected intercourse
    - - only 100% way to prevent pregnancy
    - - Surgically cutting uterine tubes and tying off ends
        
        Prevents sperm from reaching uterus
    - - Outpatient procedure
        
        Ductus deferens cut, segment removed, ends tied
        
        Sperm unable to leave testis
  - - - Produces two daughter cells
        
        genetically identical to parent
        
        Diploid daughter cells
        
        No crossing over
  - - - Four daughter cells genetically different from parent
        
        Haploid daughter cells
        
        Includes crossing over
        genetic material exchanged between homologous chromosomes
  - - - This stimulates release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)
        
        Levels vary in cyclical pattern
        
        Produce monthly sequence of events, ovarian cycle
        
        3 phases
        
        Ovulation
        
        Luteal
        
        Follicular
  - - - heart defects, poor muscle tone, short stature
        
        occur due to nondisjunction on oocyte (more common) or sperm
        
        incidence increasing with mother’s age