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Digestive/Urinary system Diana Calzada p.2 - Coggle Diagram
Digestive/Urinary system Diana Calzada p.2
major functions
digestive system is digestion and absorption
breakdown of food into small molecules, which are then absorbed into the body
urinary system is to eliminate waste from the body, regulate blood volume and blood pressure, control levels of electrolytes and metabolites, and regulate blood pH.
Major organs
the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra.
kidneys are bean-shaped organs which help the body produce urine to get rid of unwanted waste substances.
Salivary glands.
Pharynx.
Esophagus.
Stomach.
Small Intestine.
Large Intestine.
Rectum.
liver, pancreas, and gallbladder are the solid organs of the digestive system.
digestive enzymes
Amylase, produced in the mouth. It helps break down large starch molecules into smaller sugar molecules.
Pepsin, produced in the stomach.
Trypsin, produced in the pancreas.
Pancreatic lipase, produced in the pancreas
Deoxyribonuclease and ribonuclease, produced in the pancreas.
location/aborsorption
digestion begins in the mouth with salivary amylase in saliva splitting complex carbohydrates into simple carbohydrates.
enzymes and acid in the stomach continue chemical digestion, but the bulk of chemical digestion takes place in the small intestine thanks to the action of the pancreas
Chemical digestion is a chemical process in which macromoleculesincluding carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids in food are changed into simple nutrient molecules that can be absorbed into body fluids.
Layers of GI tract
first layer facing the intestinal lumen is made up of epithelial cells, which is a single layer in the GI tract and is attached to a basement membrane overlying the second layer
second layer is the lamina propria, which consists of subepithelial connective tissue and lymph nodes, underneath which is the third and deepest layer
contains four layers, the innermost layer is the mucosa, underneath this is the submucosa, followed by the muscularis propria and finally, the outermost layer - the adventitia.
Nephron/physiology
nephron is the microscopic structural and functional unit of the kidney
It is composed of a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule.
renal corpuscle consists of a tuft of capillaries called a glomerulus and an encompassing Bowman's capsule
Physiology is the study of normal function within living creatures. It is a sub-section of biology, covering a range of topics that include organs, anatomy, cells, biological compounds, and how they all interact to make life possible.
Disorders
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Heartburn happens, but if it occurs regularly, you may need to be evaluated for GERD
Chronic Diarrhea
Chronic Constipation
Gastroenteritis
Ulcers.
disorders urinary
cancers of the urinary tract, incontinence (inability to control urine flow), interstitial cystitis, kidney stones, kidney failure, and urinary tract infections.