Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Nutrion, Ethanol metabolism - Coggle Diagram
Nutrion
Vitamin A(retinol)
retinal, pancreatic cell, mucus-secreting cell
-
-
excess
acute: nausea, vomiting, vertigo(めまい), blurred vision
chronic: alopecia(脱毛), dry skin, hepatic toxity, etc
-
Vitamin B3(niacin)
-
from tryptophan, synthesis requires vitamin B2 and B6
-
deficiency
-
pellagra: diarrhea, dementia, dermatitis, hyperpigmentation
-
Vitamin D(cholecalciferol, ergocalciferol)
convert to 25-OH D₃ in liver, 1,25-(OH)₂D₃ in kidney
↑intestinal absorption of Ca, PO4, ↑bone mineralization at low, ↑bone resorption at high
↑PTH,↓Ca,↓PO4→↑1,25-(OH)2D3
PTH→↑Ca reabsorpton, ↓PO4 reabsorption
-
Vitamin: water soluble
B1,B2,B3,B5,B6,B7,B9,B12,C
wash out easily(B9,B12以外)
-
-
Vitamin B9(folate,葉酸)
-
deficiency: macrocytic, megaloblastic anemia(大球性、巨赤芽球性貧血), hypersegmented polymorphonuclear cells(PMNs), glossitis(舌炎)
phenytoin, sulfonamides, methotrexate
-
Vitamin B12(cobalamin)
methionine synthase, methylmalonyl-CoA mutase
-
macrocytic, macroblastic anemia, hypersegmented PMNs, parethesias(知覚異常), subacute combined degeneration, nerve
cause: malabsorption, lack of intrinsic factor, absense of terminal ileum, insufficient intake
Vitamin C(ascorbic acid)
-
-
deficiency
Scurvy(壊血病): swollen gums(歯茎の腫れ), bruising, petechiae(点状出血), hemarthrosis(関節出血), anemia, etc
excess
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, etc iron toxicity can occur
-
-
Vitamin B1(thiamine)
cofactor of Pyrvate dehydrogenase, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, Transketolase, Branched chain ketoacid dehydrogenase
-
Vitamin B2(riboflavin)
-
defect→cheilosis(口角炎), Corneal vascularization
-
Vitamin B6(pyridoxine)
synthesis of cystathionine, heme, niacin, histamine, neurotransmitter
defect→convulsion8けいれん), hyperirritability, peripheral neuropathy, sieroblastic anemia(鉄芽球性貧血)
Vitamin E(tocopherol, tocotrienol)
-
defect: hemolytic anemia, acanthocytosis(有棘赤血球症), etc
Zinc
-
deficiency
delayed wound healing, suppressed immunity, hypogonadism, dysgeusia, anosmia(無嗅覚症), acrodermatitis enteropathica(腸性肢端皮膚炎)
-
Vitamin B7(biotin)
cofactor of Pyruvate carboxylase, Acetyl-CoA carboxylase, Propionyl-CoA carboxylase
Ethanol metabolism
-
-
fomepizole: inhibit alcohol dehydrogenase, antidote for overdose of methanol
disulfiram: inhibit acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, discouraging drinking