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Questionnaire, Social survey/questionnaire, Interviews, Focus Groups -…
Questionnaire
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Good and Hatt says that in general the word “Questionnaire” refers to a device of securing answers to a series of questions by using a form which the respondent fill in himself.
Barr et al define “Questionnaire! As a systematic compilation of questions that are administered to a sample of population from which information is desired.
According to Bogardus “A questionnaire” is a list of questions sent to a number of persons for them to answer. It serves standardized results that can be tabulated and treated statistically.
The questionnaire can be administered to a group of individuals at a time. The person administering this instrument has an opportunity to explain the purpose of the study and explain the items that may not be clear.
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Interviews
Interviews can be conducted in person or by phone and can be structured (using survey forms) or unstructured.
The downsides are that interviews require time and money to plan and execute — including interviewer training — and they require more cooperation on the part of the interviewee, who may be uncomfortable sharing personal information.
But there are also many benefits to interviews: They do not require the literacy on the part of the respondents, for one thing. For another, they allow the interviewer (especially a well-trained one) to uncover deep insight by clarifying and deep diving into the respondent’s answers, as well as by collecting nonverbal data.
Focus Groups
A focus group is simply a group interview of people who all have something in common. They provide the same type of data as in-person interviews but add a social element and offer a broader understanding of why a group thinks or behaves in a particular way.
Focus groups are useful when examining cultural values or other complex issues, but also have their drawbacks. Lack of privacy or anonymity can present a major obstacle, as can “group think,” or the potential for the group to be dominated by one or two participants.