PROCESS - BASED MODELS
Expectancy theory
The expectancy model suggests that motivation to expend effort to do something is determined by three basic individual perceptions
Equity Theory
How to make comparison?:
Outcome:
focuses on an individual's feelings about how fairly he or she is treated in comparison with others
Under-rewarded (Inequity)
Equity
Over-rewarded (Inequity)
Other-inside
Self-Outside
Other-outside
Self-inside
*Maintaning Equity:
Distort comparisons
Change the Comparison
Change Outcomes
Quit the job
Change inputs
Goal setting theory (SMART)
Specific
Measurable
Achievable
Relevant
Time
Reinforcement Theory
Increasing
Decreasing
Based on the idea that people learn to repeat behaviors that are positively rewarded (reinforced) and *avoid behaviors that are punished (not reinforced)
The application on reinforcement theory is frequently called behavior modification because it involves changing one's own behavior or the behavior of someone else
Positive:
Negative:
Punishment
The administration of positive and rewarding consequences following a desired behavior
Avoidance learning, strengthens desired behavior by allowing escape from an undesirable consequence
The withdrawal of the positive reward or reinforcing consequences for an undesirable behavior
The administration of negative consequences following undesirable behavior
Extinction