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Present Perfect and Past Perfect - Coggle Diagram
Present Perfect and Past Perfect
Indefinite Time
He has played basketball.
Unfinished Action
She has gone to school.
With the following adverbs:
Alredy
Never
Just
Ever
Yet
How long
Recently
Since
For
Past action connected to the present
They have lost a book.
Emphasize the result of an activity in the past
I had been training so I improved.
Action finished before another past action
She had gone shopping when he arrived in the house.
Action started in the past and continued up to a given time in the past
I had thought I couldn't play basketball before yesterday.
Cause and effect (combine with past simple)
I was injured because I had fallen.
Action happened before a specific time in the past
Harry had never been in Japan before las summer.