year 8 history mind map
7 HISTORICAL KEY CONCEPTS
empathy - empathy helps us to understand the impact of past events on particular individuals or groups
cause and effect - Cause and effect aims to identify, examine and analyse the reasons why events have occurred and the resulting consequences or outcomes. For example, heavy rain over many weeks (cause) leads to flooding and the destruction of crops (effect).
continuity and change - over time some things stay the same, while others change Examples of continuity and change can be seen across every civilization and any given period of time
perspective -Perspective is a point of view – the position from which people see and understand events going on in the world around them.
significance - significance relates to the importance assigned to aspects of the past.
evidence - evidence is information gathered from historical sources.
contestability -contestability relates to explanations or interpretations of past events that are open to debate.
KEY ASPECTS OF MEDIEVAL ROME
religion - religion and Christianity had very big affect on Rome, it was the centre of everyone's loves and strongly influenced the way they lived.
war - The medieval period was marked by frequent battles and wars. These had many causes and effects
social structure -classifies its members top-bottom in order of importance. Everyone had rights and responsibilities
trade routes - expanded the empire because it allowed to gain access to raw materials such as gold.
HISTORICAL SKILLS
Purpose – why was it made
Perspective – whose P.O.V is it
Context – what happened to get to this point (backstory)
Evaluate – judge
Explain – give reasons for it
Significance – importance
Message – what is tells us
FALL OF ROME
3 main reasons Rome was destroyed are corruption, change in leadership and the barbarians took over
conflict between societies - The medieval period was marked by frequent battles and wars. There are many causes of war and many effects:
-battle of Hastings
-the crusades
FEUDAL STRUCTURE
nobles (lords) -
knights -
church officials -
peasants -
king -
• Had all the power
• Didn’t give fealty to anyone, but did respect pope
• Top of the of the social pyramid
• Threw lavish banquets and balls to entertain nobles and knights
• Extremely powerful and influential
• Didn’t have to pay taxes
• They gave fealty to the king/ruler and pope
• Gave fealty to the king and church officials
• Granted land and food to knights and peasants
• Were the rich people of the time
• Small percentage of the population
• Many were given grants of land by their lords
• In return, protect kings and lords and fight for the king
• Some received food and income
• Made up 90% of the population
• On the bottom of the pyramid; took orders from everyone above them
• Had to serve everyone by growing food and working for the knights, lords and kings
• Peasant life was very hard and their lives depend on working hard and staying healthy
4 MAIN ASPECTS OF THE MIDDLE AGES
religion - • A branch of Christianity called Catholicism as the only recognised religion. The catholic church led by the pop in Rome, played a central role in the life of all people – from the richest to the poorest, its teachings strongly influenced the way people lived their lives.
trade routes - • Trade meant the exchange of goods. It also means that new ideas, beliefs and culture were also explained
• Empired expanded to gain access to raw material (such as gold) for fresh water and arable land.
feudal system -• Governments, laws and social structures were important in societies across the medieval world.
• These laws and systems helped to create order, denote the roles and responsibilities of all citizens, and set out of systems for reward and punishments.
conflict -
• The medieval period was marked by frequent battles and wars. There are many causes of war and many effects:
o Battle of Hastings
o Crusades
CRIME AND PUNISHMENT
• People in charge thought peasants and common people would only behave if they feared what would happen to them if they didn’t
• Even the most minor crimes had extremely harsh consequences
• Under feudalism, different courts dealt with different types of offences. Minor matters, such as a woman gossiping and nagging her husband, were heard by village courts. If found guilty, a woman like this (known as a scold) would be forced to wear a ‘scold’s bridle’
• serious matters, like a peasant’s son being educated without the lord’s permission, were heard by manor courts. If found guilty, a peasant might be fined or put in the stocks.
• The most serious charges were dealt with in Church courts (for charges such as heresy and witchcraft) and the King’s court (for charges of treason). Confessions for such crimes were often obtained under torture (with the use of thumbscrews and other devices). If found guilty, people could be executed by being burned or skinned alive.
• Traitors were frequently executed by being hung, drawn and quartered. This involved first hanging a person, cutting him down while still alive, then pulling out his intestines while he watched, and finally attaching each of his hands and legs to a horse and having the horses pull him apart.
THE CRUSADES
control of the holy land
• The holy land was Jerusalem
• wanted Jerusalem
• Crusades – organised by western European Christians
• Wanted to stop expansion of the Muslim states
• Regain Christianity of the middle east
• Recapture territory that was originally Christian
• Wanted it because it was the centre of Christianity
• For Christians it was the place Jesus dies and was buried
• There were 8 crusades, only the first one was successful
• Effected trade
• New trade routes were made
• Cities grew
The holy land, which is Jerusalem, is known as the centre of Christianity because it is where Jesus died and was buries. Jerusalem was taken over by the Muslims, and the Christians wanted it back because they wanted to be closer to Jesus and Christianity and stop the expansion of Muslim states. Western Europeans organised crusades, which means they were going to fight to get their land back, to regain Christianity in the middle east and to recapture original Christian territory. Only the first of the 8 crusades were successful. The crusades had a big impact on some cities, it effected trade routes, new were made because they needed a supply on food and other items, cities where these trade routes happened in also grew in size.
