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APUSH Concept Map - Unit 6 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Spanish-American War: spain-ruled Cuba vs. U.S. sparked by Cuban revolt, U.S. greed, a leaked spanish letter criticizing President McKinley, and the supposed sinking of the Maine
        
        Teller Amendment: that the war was to liberate Cuba and grant political control back to the locals
        
        Treaty of Paris (1898-1899 start): Cuba independent, Philippines for $20 million, and Guam and Puerto Rico, --> recognition as global power and more national unity
        
        Platt Amendment: gave U.S. control over Cuba's foreign policy for "protection"
    - - Panama Canal: built as an quicker way of getting to Pacific and U.S.'s new land, but came at cost of waging war on Columbia, winning, and then making Panama its own country in exchange for ownership of the canal
      - Big Stick Policy, bullying, Bad Neighbor Policy
      - Roosevelt Corollary (Monroe Doctrine) (1904): prevent Euro. interference in S. America as middleman for debts to Euro. powers to be paid, justifying unjust interference by the U.S. then and later
        
        Lodge Corollary (under President Taft): prevented NON-Euro. powers from owning land in the Western Hemisphere
    - - Dollar-->Moral diplomacy, repairing foreign relationships by actually spreading democracy
- - - - Russian Revolution: monarchy-->republic and they joined Allies, so good reason to fight with them
      - Unrestricted submarine warfare
        
        declared by Germany, -->Lusitania sinking in 1915-->U.S. telling them to stop which worked for a while, until 1917 decision to restart due to tilting balance of U.S. favor and possibly entering war
      - Zimmermann Telegram: German and Mexican conspiracy
  - - - for the Treaty of Versailles, Wilson had to compromise but got his League of Nations founded
        
        in Senate, Wilson faced Irreconcilables, under Henry Cabot Lodge who refused to ratify the treaty or join LoN, and the Reservationists, who were willing to make compromises
        
        in the end, no ratification/membership occurred, leading to isolationism once more
  - - - 4-power treaty: respect the land in Pacific of other powers in treaty
      - 5-power treaty: the current ratio of Navy power remains the same
      - 9-power treaty: Open Door policy in China continues
    - - It was already hard for other countries to pay back their war debt to U.S., worsened by the previous, so the Dawes plan, which cycled money between the U.S., Germany, and Allies, was successful in fixing this problem until the Great Depression and it was unsustainable because new money doesn't get introduced, so it's like the debt is just continuously shifted around and left no money to be used to trade and created a dependency on U.S. finances
        
        U.S. lends money to Germany
        
        Germany uses money to rebuild and for reparations money
        
        Allies use reparation money to pay war debts to U.S.
        
        .
- - - - Despite Hitler speaking nonsense, he was charismatic and gained much support with that, eventually becoming Chancellor
    - - Japanese began trying to acquire more territory, first through Manchuria being overthrown, -->LoN criticizing Japan--> Japan leaving LoN without retaliation
        
        Stimson Doctrine: U.S. response was to refuse to acknowledge Manchuria as under Japanese control due to 9-power treaty, which LoN also then copied
  - - - Pan-American Conferences: FDR invalidated Roosevelt Corollary, promised no more U.S. intervention in S. America, and maintained Monroe Doctrine that other countries should not interfere with S. America either at the cost of U.S. retaliation as a symbol of unity in the Americas
      - nullified Platt Amendment in Cuba (but kept a naval base...)
  - - - Then, they loosened up to allow Cash-and-carry (1939), where any country could come buy weapons but they would be responsible for transporting the weapons and the transport itself, and had to pay in cash; in practice, this favored the british with their control over the seas
        
        and then, FDR straight-up ended it in favor of a new act, Lend-lease (1941), to lend Britain weapons for credit, analogy to allowing a neighbor to borrow a hose
        
        and THEN, he added Shoot-on-sight, where the U.S. actively protected the british transport of lend-lease weapons, esp. against Germany, --> unofficial naval war U.S. vs. Germany
    - - 1940-1941, Japan cont. expanding in the East, leading to U.S. blocking their access to steel and oil, -->increased tensions
        
        to get resources, Japan decided to bomb Pearl Harbor, sparking U.S. joining the war officially
        
        -->J.A. facing discrimination to the point that Japanese American Internment was allowed to "prevent spies" by Executive Order 9066
        
        Pacific Theater
        
        U.S. started doing island hopping to be more efficient after taking Midway in 1942(turning point for Allies)
        
        Manhattan Project: "unnecessary" but Truman decided to test it on Japan when they refused to surrender, on Hiroshima then Nagasaki-->Japanese surrender
        
        aircraft carriers and firebombing
    - - WPB: managed war industries
    - - Battle of the Atlantic: continuous struggle(?)
      - Operation Torch(N. Africa): won as of 1943 Italy: pushed back to N.Italy and at stalemate(?) until 1945 surrender
      - D-Day(take back France): won as of 1944
        
        continued pushing to Germany, leading to Hitler's suicide and then surrender in 1945