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contraceptive strategies for married couple - Coggle Diagram
contraceptive strategies for married couple
upsteam causes
factors to consider
they do NOT plan on having another baby
the wife is middle aged ; hormone levels are different compared to a teenager
downstream effects
worst
oral contraceptives
risks in women over 40 include cardiovascular complications, such as blood clots, and bone fracture risks.
proven less effective for older women
male condom
As hormone levels change many women experience vaginal dryness which can cause discomfort during intercourse.
care should be taken as any oil-based lubricant can cause condoms to split, leading to a risk of pregnancy and infection.
the contraceptive injection
you can't use this method beyond 50+ y/o
some concern that the injection may reduce bone mineral density and increase the risk of osteoporosis.
best
copper intrauterine devices (IUDs)
They are more than 99 per cent effective in preventing pregnancy
no medications stop them from working
progestin implants
prevents pregnancy by blocking the release of eggs from the ovaries.
If you get the implant during the first five days of your period, it's immediately effective against pregnancy
thickens cervical mucus to prevent sperm from entering the uterus.
sterilization
highly effective
long lasting contraceptive solution
blocks the Fallopian tubes
Physiology
events of the uterine/ovarian cycle
3 phases
ovulation (day 14)
release of secondary oocyte from mature follicle
induced with peak in LH secretion
expands until ovarian surface thins
luteal (days 15-18)
remaining follicle becomes corpus luteum (temporary endocrine gland)
secretes progesterone and estrogen
builds up uterine lining
corpus luteum regression
causes drop in progesterone and estrogen
shed of uterine lining= menstruation
follicular (days 1-13)
primary oocyte in follicle finishes meiosis I and forms 2 cells
polar body
other cell derived from primary oocyte recieves bulk of cytoplasm
20 primordial follicles stimulated to mature by LH and FSH
major contraceptive methods (top 4)
oral contraceptive pill (12.6%)
stop ovulation w/ hormones
helps prevent fertilization
side effects:
mood changes
spotting between periods
breast tenderness
nausea
long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs) (10.3%)
provide effective contraception for an extended period without requiring user action
side effects: headaches, nausea, depression, breast tenderness. IUD- expulsion (5%), perforation of uterus (1/1000)
include injections, IUD's, and sub dermal contraceptive implants
female sterilization (18.6%)
blocks the Fallopian tubes
SMALL risk of side effects: internal bleeding or infection
male condom (8.7%)
barrier preventing sperm from entering cervix
side effects: diminished sensation, skin irritation/allergic reactions, high failure rate
Antatomy
male reproduction system (physiology included)
testes
produce sex hormones
ducts
carry gametes toward outside of body
female reproduction system (physiology included)
ovaries
produce sex hormones
ducts
carry gametes toward site of fertilization